About Myself: Alone Together Essay

1)Specifically, which essential focuses do you both comprehend and concur or differ with? In â€Å"Alone Together† Sherry Turkle clarifies the association among individuals and innovation. She discusses the energy of conversing with somebody through a PC; you can become anybody you need, and it likewise gives you the boldness to state anything you need. When you’re behind a PC, it’s simple to mention to somebody what you think. The equivalent goes for messaging. It’s so a lot simpler when you are frantic at somebody about something to message it to them as opposed to calling them. You can at present express your feelings, by utilizing smiley face or different appearances. You’re essentially demonstrating feelings through content informing. It may be helpful to send a brisk message to somebody as opposed to calling them. See more: Analysis of Starbucks espresso organization workers article I am one of the individuals that have given in such a great amount to innovation. I notice too that when my better half and I will contend about something; we will just content each other to and fro and take care of the issue that way. I think in that manner messaging is something worth being thankful for, on the grounds that as opposed to yelling or making statements you don't mean, you are messaging them so you have the opportunity to consider your words before you send the message. Most new telephones permit somebody to have their email and Facebook or other site, they utilize oftentimes connected to it. Each message would be sent to your PC presently goes to your telephone. So while that might be helpful here and there, it can likewise be discourteous when you’re with somebody. Kids don't invest their free energy playing a game. They go through hours playing computer games, riding the Internet or utilizing PDAs. She stated, â€Å"kids are out, however they are on their phones†(Turkle 155). Facebook, Skype, and writings have all become our standard of correspondence, and that is this generation’s wellspring of correspondence. She likewise clarifies how many individuals now can’t envision abandoning their gadgets, yet not many years prior, individuals were okay. On the off chance that innovation propelled that much over the most recent few years, envision how things will be later on. I see some comfort in everything, except I additionally observe steady innovation use as a terrible thing. Such huge numbers of individuals presently communicate through these gadgets as opposed to conversing with somebody. Furthermore, as advantageous as that may be to communicate something specific, I don’t think it is ideal. 2) Specifically, which major or minor focuses might you want to request that the creator explain? I need to find out about how individuals would incline toward a robot over a human relationship. Robots don't have sentiments and how does having a robot change how individuals feel. Why individuals can't avoid utilizing their telephones? How does innovation have a major influence in our lives? What can conversing with somebody vis-à-vis that an instant message can't do? In the event that innovation is evolving us, what are we turning out to be? Does Sherry Turkle spend endless hours on her mobile phone? 3) Generally, what potential article themes or focal points deserving of further conversation do you find in the perusing? Potential paper subjects I find in the readings are how innovation has a major impact in our lives? Where might we be if innovation didn't exist? Without innovation, how might training end up being? For what reason do individuals depend such a great amount on innovation?

Definition and Examples of Lexicogrammar

Definition and Examples of Lexicogrammar Lexicogrammar is a term utilized in fundamental utilitarian semantics (SFL) to underline the reliance ofand coherence betweenvocabulary (lexis) and language structure (sentence structure). The term lexicogrammar (truly, dictionary in addition to punctuation) was presented by language specialist M.A.K. Halliday. Modifier: lexicogrammatical. Likewise, called lexical language structure. The approach of corpus etymology, notes Michael Pearce, has made the ID of lexicogrammatical designs a lot simpler than it used to be (Routledge Dictionary of English Language Studies, 2007). Models and Observations Jargon and linguistic structures are reliant; to such an extent that it is conceivable to state with some legitimization that words have their own language structure. This interdependency of lexis and syntax is clear wherever in language. For instance, lexical action words have valency designs: a few action words can be utilized with an immediate item (I made some stove gloves), or with both an immediate article and a roundabout item (The legislature granted them a compensation rise), others need no item by any means (The Colonel was laughing). (Michael Pearce, The Routledge Dictionary of English Language Studies. Routledge, 2007)The heart of language is the theoretical degree of coding that is the lexicogrammar. (I see no motivation behind why we ought not hold the term punctuation in this, its conventional sense; the reason for presenting the more unwieldy term lexicogrammar is basically to make unequivocal the point that jargon is likewise a piece of it, alongside language struc ture and morphology). (M.A.K. Halliday, Systemic Background, 1985. On Language and Linguistics. Continuum, 2003) [A]ccording to foundational practical hypothesis, lexicogrammar is expanded into a metafunctional range, stretched out in delicacy from sentence structure to lexis, and requested into a progression of positioned units. (M.A.K. Halliday, Hallidays Introduction to Functional Grammar, fourth ed., modified by Christian M.I.M. Matthiessen. Routledge, 2013)[L]exico-language is presently truly in vogue, however it doesn't coordinate the two sorts of example as its name would suggestit is on a very basic level syntax with a specific measure of consideration regarding lexical examples inside the linguistic systems; it isn't in any sense an endeavor to construct together a sentence structure and lexis on an equivalent basis...Lexico-punctuation is still solidly a sort of sentence structure, bound, or maybe spiked with some lexis. (John Sinclair, Trust the Text: Language, Corpus and Discourse, altered with Ronald Carter. Routledge, 2004) Lexicogrammar and Semantics Similarly as lexis and sentence structure are considered to frame a solitary layer, Halliday thinks about that the lexicogrammar is anything but a different framework or module separated from semantics, yet is somewhat a hidden segment of the importance making arrangement of a language. The layer of semantics is along these lines not thought of as a theoretical or intelligent structure, yet rather as the medium through which people use language to associate in their social and social setting. A result of this is the language, and specifically the lexicogrammar, is organized by the expressive and open capacities it has advanced to pass on.  (Christopher Gledhill, A Lexicogrammar Approach to Checking Quality: Looking at One or Two Cases of Comparative Translation. Points of view on Translation Quality, ed. by Ilse Depraetere. Walter de Gruyter, 2011) Lexicogrammar and Corpus Linguistics Speculations on the structure of language reveal to us minimal about how individuals really utilize the language, and thusly how a language truly is. The examples of auxiliary and lexical conduct are not uncovered by the language specialists contemplation or from a couple of models picked to fit the example. This is the end that inexorably is being drawn from a developing group of etymological research on huge PC corpora or databases. It is just when we come to explore a language from tests of a huge number of expressions of running content that we can truly start to see how words and structures act and interact...A hypothesis of language or a model of a specific language . . . needs to represent use as validated by corpus semantic research. On the off chance that such a hypothesis implies to offer ascent to language portrayal, it must can possibly fuse the fancies and eccentricities of lexicogrammatical conduct and the cryptotypical wonders which are revealed by the perception of la nguage use on a fundamentally bigger scale. (Gordon H. Exhaust, The Lexicogrammar of Adjectives: A Systemic Functional Approach to Lexis. Continuum, 1998) Interchange Spellings: lexico-punctuation

MLA Citation Templates Easy Infographic for Students

MLA Citation Templates Easy Infographic for Students (57) To see our full infographics collection,  click here. We understand that it can be difficult (and sometimes confusing!) for students to piece together their MLA citations. Thats why we created an MLA format citation template for you to share, distribute, and/or post for your students. This infographic helps your students properly cite books, websites, online videos, online journal articles, and digital images in MLA format. While there are other variations for these citations, this template reflects the most common way to cite these source types. Whether you decide to use this in conjunction with a research project, place it on display in your classroom as a visual reference, or print it out so students can store it in their binders or notebooks is up to you. The possibilities are endless. We want your students to be responsible researchers, who acknowledge the work of original authors, which in turn prevents plagiarism. Hopefully, this template makes it easier for your students to achieve this goal. Citing in other styles? No problem! We also have citation tools and guides for APA format and Chicago style.

Nursing Care Issues and the Frail Elderly Dementia Essay

Walking into the room hearing the conversation could not be helped. Two elderly patients were conversing, one was talking about experiences in World War II and the other was listening intently. When questioned as to what they were discussing and why, the answer received was one that surprised and saddened. The patient telling the story explained â€Å"Sometimes my friend forgets all about the past, so I sit here and tell my stories and then it helps my friend remember.† The other patient replied â€Å"that is right, there are days I just can’t remember anything and my friend here†¦.remembers everything and tells me all about it†. The second patient suffers from Alzheimer’s disease a form of dementia and apparently today is not a ‘good’ days.†¦show more content†¦However, when the writer asked the patient how old the patient was the reply received was simply â€Å"I am forty-one years old.† This woman, who was so funn y, so bright and so intelligent, could not remember her age, or where she grew up. She could definitely remember the conversation she had with the evening nurse when she was told she would not be able to have a shower the next day. She remembered for certain that she did not like that lady! She could not remember where her hearing aids were put or what she had for dinner the night before when she was at her son’s home, but she remembered going there for the evening. As a student nurse learning the processes of caring for individuals, caring for a client with dementia is a particular challenge. A nurse with knowledge of not only the clients’ medical history but also their personal history is better equipped to individualize care for that client. (Serio, 2011, p.19) According to the RNAO Best Practice Guidelines on Caregiving Strategies for Older Adults with Delirium, Dementia and Depression; â€Å"Nurses should know their clients, recognize their retained abilities, understand the impact of the environment, and relate effectively when tailoring and implementing their caregiving strategies.† (Registered Nursing Association of Ontario, 2004, p. 54) Quite often as a caregiver to a person with dementiaShow MoreRelatedElder Abuse and Nursing Ethics1802 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Elder abuse and nursing ethics Introduction Given the aging of the population, elder abuse has become more a prevalent and a more serious issue in recent years. Every year, an estimated 4 million older Americans are victims of physical, psychological or other forms of abuse and neglect. Those statistics may not tell the whole story. For every case of elder abuse and neglect reported to authorities, experts estimate as many as 23 cases go undetected (Elder abuse and neglect, 2013, APA report:Read MoreThe Loss Of Bladder Tissue953 Words   |  4 PagesIncontienence in elderlies is mainly cause by the decrease strength of bladder tissue. Study has found that â€Å"Aging results in some common bladder changes, such as decrease bladder capacity and bladder elasticity, increased spontaneous detrusor contractions, and decreased ability to postpone micturition, causing more frequent voiding† ( scemons, pg54 2013). Although many elderly experience UI, some particular groups are more at risk than others. First UI is â€Å"mo re common in people living in nursing home thanRead MoreEssay on Neglect of the Elderly1202 Words   |  5 PagesThe Neglect of the Elderly With the growing number of senior citizens in our expanding society, abuse and neglect of the elderly is a widespread issue in our society. Neglect can come in many ugly forms and can be quite horrifying when actually investigated. When we as a society fail to meet the needs of our senior community we are only creating a perhaps dreadful prelude to our own inevitable destiny. Elder neglect is the failure to fulfill obligations to a senior citizen. AccordingRead MoreLack of Exercise May Cause Falls in the Elderly1903 Words   |  8 PagesLack of Exercise May Cause Falls in the Elderly Problem Section Falls are a major source of death and injury in elderly people. For example, they cause 90% of hip fractures and the current cost of hip fractures in the US is estimated to be about 10 billion dollars (Kato, Izumi, Hiramatsu, Shogenji, 2006). Ensuring patient safety is one of the main reasons given for use of restraints. However, according to Jech (2006), the use of physical restraints is unlikely to prevent falls. Physical restraintsRead MoreEvaluation Of Pharmacist Impact On Antipsychotic And Benzodiazepine Utilization During Veterans With Dementia1700 Words   |  7 Pagesveterans with dementia Purpose: It has been well established that use of Antipsychotics (APs) and Benzodiazepines (BZDs) in the elderly population is associated with increased incidence of adverse effects including sedation, falls, and cognitive impairment. The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) introduced the Psychotropic Drug Safety Initiative (PDSI) to improve evidence-based psychotropic drug prescribing for Veterans with mental illness. This initiative aims to address possible issues with pharmacotherapyRead MoreThe Issue Of Elderly Abuse1957 Words   |  8 PagesExperts believe that for every case of elder abuse or neglect reported, as many as 23 cases go unreported† (World Elder Abuse Awareness Day). The issue of elderly abuse is a growing topic in our country because it violates three specific articles in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Elderly abuse and neglect is an increasing age discrimination issue in the United States and violates the human rights to an adequate standard o f living, equal protection under the law, and the right to be freeRead MoreGERIATRIC ASSESSMENT: MALNUTRITION989 Words   |  4 Pagessocio-economic problems, but can also be a cause of physiological and psychological dysfunctions. Proper nursing assessment in the elderly should be applied in order to identify and address this problem. In this paper I would like to focus on two main points of geriatric assessment – physiologic and psychosocial. There are two categories of factors that can contribute to malnutrition in the elderly population. Physiological factors include chewing or swallowing disorders, cardiac insufficiency, respiratoryRead MorePrevention of Fall in Mental Health1510 Words   |  7 Pagesolder people with dementia. In this assignment, I shall reflect upon my experience from my practice placement, where I was involved in the reduction of fall as a therapeutic intervention in order to minimise the injuries related to fall. In my conclusion, I shall include recommendation in relating to reducing a fall in older people with dementia. During my clinical placement, I had the chance to realise the complexity surrounding the assesses of falls in older people with dementia. Reducing a fallRead MoreA Study On My Clinical Placement Essay3175 Words   |  13 Pagesclinical placement, it was my first encounter to see a wide array of elderly population. My preceptor oriented me about the common medical diagnosis of the residents and told me that most of them have Dementia. Personally, I am not familiar in handling this kind of condition since it is not my field of expertise. I have an idea that it is not a disease but rather a manifestation of symptoms that affect mental task and reasoning of an elderly contributing to an inability to function independently. FurthermoreRead MoreOral Hygiene for People with Dementia Essay2192 Words   |  9 Pagesfor adults with Dementia -Introduction- The purpose of this essay is to discuss a clinical skill or nursing action by referring to the nursing and allied health literature to explain and support evidence based practice. The skill I wish to examine is the practice of oral hygiene for adults with dementia in residential aged care facilities. In this essay I aim to provide the reader with adequate references to support the best practice for oral hygiene for people with dementia. -Evidence

Why College Athletes Should Be Compensated - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1579 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/05/30 Category Career Essay Level High school Tags: Should College Athletes Be Paid Essay Did you like this example? Why College Athletes Should get Paid In the course of recent decades, school sports have increased gigantic notoriety over the United States. Regardless of whether it be football, ball, or hockey, as far back as the turn of the century, collegiate games have received an excess of income to their particular Universities, and in addition expanding the prevalence of the Colleges notoriety. For instance, in an examination led by the Orland Sentient Nel, it was assessed that the University of Texas Athletic Program had the most astounding income of some other University at $120,288,370. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Why College Athletes Should Be Compensated?" essay for you Create order However, with this huge aggregate of cash, no school competitors are lawfully adjusted for their work. As per NCAA rules, You are not qualified for cooperation in a game on the off chance that you have ever: Taken pay, or the guarantee of pay, for contending in that sport (NCAA Regulations 1). Because of this law, not exclusively are school competitors experiencing issues in satisfying their school educational cost, yet in addition numerous competitors are being paid under the table through illegal businesses. These beginner competitors have no motivating force to remain in school and complete their particular degrees, the same number of cant bear to pay for the costly school involvement. While many contend that school competitors shouldnt be paid as they are simply novices speaking to their schools, competitors must be paid to help the authenticity of school. Collegiate Athletes should be compensated for revenue they bring in. Competitors bring in revenue to the schools, help the recruiting trail, and scholars come up short whether its academically, housing, or food. On the contrary, people are saying athletes have an advantage, those who earn their degrees with help of scholarships over their peers who dont play sports. Many graduate without a dime of debt opposing to the non-athletes bombarded with loans and landing their careers. Others say students should suck it up and look at their full ride as a vehicle through college. Understudy competitors ought to be made up for their work, as they are the sole explanation behind the Athletic Programs surplus in income. These competitors are buckling down and getting cash to the University consistently yet arent remunerated with any fiscal esteem. These competitors are working for the schools and are completing a support of the school that appears to go unnoticed. This absence of pay isnt seen anyplace else in the work put and shouldnt be seen here. Some even contend, School competitors are being abused by their schools, which make a large number of dollars off of intercollegiate games (Compensation for College Athletes). Schools are utilizing these competitors to help their separate notorieties and acquire income while not repaying these competitors for their work. Wherever else competitors are paid, so is there any valid reason why college shouldnt understudies as well? A few pundits may contend that these understudy competitors are novices, and whenever paid at that point are getting to be proficient competitors. This announcement can be effectively discredited, be that as it may, as novice is an extremely wide and disputable term. Hockey players a piece of the AHL (Amateur Hockey League) are viewed as novices yet are made up for their work. Characterizing College competitors as novices makes another issue notwithstanding not being paid by the University: competitors cant advance themselves. The NCAA states understudy competitors will be novices and should be shielded from misuse by expert and business ventures (Paying College Athletes). In any case, with this announcement it appears that schools and colleges are the substance that misuses them (Paying College Athletes). In any case, not exclusively does $2,000 grain take care of instructive expenses, particularly if not on grant, but rather the NCAA isnt enabling understudy competitors to advance themselves. Additionally, with all the time rehearsing and working in the classroom, what number of competitors have sufficient energy to really l and a position? In all actuality, they are as of now working by performing on the court, field, or arena. In a narrative led by ESPN entitled Fab Five, one of the school ball players for the University of Michigan stated, that It was difficult to see his shirt in the stands and realizing that simply his number was on it, not his name. He later proceeds to state that he wasnt accepting any cash from it despite the fact that Adidas was advancing his pullover! This Michigan Basketball player at that point proceeds to state that he couldnt bear the cost of the shirt that his fans were wearing. He needed to purchase a pullover for his mother, however couldnt bear the cost of it. Within the statistics coachrs salaries are soaring yearly especially at the winningest and popular programs across the country. Another contention that underpins paying school competitors, is that these full-ride grants given to the best competitors dont really cover every one of their costs. Numerous competitors still cant stand to have their folks gone to the stadium and watch the amusements. For instance, in 2010, Duke ball players were esteemed at $1,025,656 while living only $732 over the destitution line and a grant shortage of $1,995 (The Price of Poverty in Big Time College Sports). With most of the regard and attention of these competitors, it goes unnoticed that a lot of the players live extremely close to the neediness line. Because of this absence of cash, bootleg trades are made. Here, sponsors that speak to the University give these players vehicles, burning through cash, or anything they genuinely need, and consequently, these players go to their particular University. There have been numerous occasions of this treachery previously, yet one conspicuous precedent is that of Reggie Bush, the running back for the University of Southern California from 2003-2005. Bramble was paid by supporters to go to USC, which damaged NCAA rules. Bramble was vigorously reprimanded when the infringement were uncovered and needed to restore his Heisman trophy. While Bush activities were unmistakably wrong and him restoring the Heisman trophy was justified, its extreme to give him much feedback. At the time, Bush didnt originate from much riches and even with a full-ride football grant, he couldnt cover the majority of his costs. Shrubs mom was experiencing difficulty paying rent, so a supporter at USC offered to pay for his moms loft in Pasadena. Shrubbery felt committed to take this offer, as there was no other method to profit and pay for his moms condo. In the event that Bush were paid for his support in the NCAA, Bush would have gone to any University he would so please. These sponsors activities are unlawful, as well as make an unevenness in rivalry among the NCAA. These colleges that damage NCAA rules have an upper edge in enlisting top prospects. Schools are then enticed to damage such precludes to even the playing field. The last and the most imperative motivation to pay school competitors, is that it will guarantee that most school competitors will finish their advanced educations. Paying understudy competitors would give competitors a motivating force to remain in school and finish their degree programs, rather than leaving ahead of schedule for the expert alliances (Should Student-Athletes Get Paid?). On the off chance that competitors are paid to play, not exclusively would they be able to cover a portion of their school costs that grants couldnt cover, yet additionally now they will need to complete their training. NCAA prides itself on all understudy competitors are understudies first and competitors second, in any case, it appears that more prevalent competitors leave ahead of schedule for the experts. In school basketball, numerous first year recruit stars are alluded to as one and done players as they finish one year of school and go to the expert groups right on time, as they need cash and need it as quickly as time permits. The significance of their training is lost. The University is by all accounts deceptive in its activities when it doesnt pay its competitors, since it appears, they bolster school competitors leaving for the Professional alliance early. As per the article Should Student-Athletes Get Paid? A colleges essential goal is to furnish its understudies with a quality instruction that sets them up to work on the planet instead of in school. However, without paying competitors, colleges leave their understudies with no other alternative yet to not graduate and withdrawal following a semester or a year to meet their budgetary commitments. Strategically, it should be exceptionally basic for the colleges to remunerate their understudy competitors. One creator proposes th at each college pays a similar level rate to every school competitor for a long time, at that point offer a raise to senior competitors. This reward will make that motivating force for understudies to get their degrees. While it might appear to be odd and unreasonable to pay school competitors, pay of such competitors is a need not exclusively to keep rivalry at an unfaltering dimension in school sports, yet additionally to urge understudies to graduate and get their professional educations. The reality of the situation is that numerous school competitors are as of now being paid under the table which makes a bootleg market that isnt just unlawful, but on the other hand is unreasonable to colleges that keep NCAA controls. Colleges are misusing these understudies and permitting them not to get any income that they unmistakably earned. Competitors should be compensated for the revenue they bring in and scholarships just isnt enough regarding academics, housing, and food.

Aplaying for a job Free Essays

As a secondly point, would you mind telling me hat sort of Jobs I am applying for, why the employers there should select me for an interview? Does the enterprise happen to know where the Job listing for Florida Is?. Although, Would I like you help me with my accommodation and give me some information where I can find a good place with a reasonable price, How much will It be cost?. Shall I ask them to send me the link or pictures of the apartment to review or that’s too much to ask for? I also wonder If you could tell me the cost of fight will be Included In the bill. We will write a custom essay sample on Aplaying for a job or any similar topic only for you Order Now A final and very Important point Is what shall I do tog my ark permit? Loud you possibly sent the completely Information with all of the requirement about It. It Is my goal to combine my range of experience which I have gotten In different sort of Jobs with my ability to be an enthusiastic, Intelligent student who will make a positive contribution to your agency. I would welcome an Interview and hope to hear from you at your earnest convenience. Best Regards Marilyn Gonzalez. Playing for a job By Mattress -r: +8683701245 Firstly, I am interested in applying for a student’s Jobs in the USA that you have interview? Does the enterprise happen to know where the Job listing for Florida is?. Or that’s too much to ask for? I also wonder if you could tell me the cost of fight will be included in the bill. A final and very important point is what shall I do to get my work permit? Could you possibly sent the completely information with all of the requirement about it. It is my goal to combine my range of experience which I have gotten in different sort of Jobs with my ability to be an enthusiastic, intelligent interview and hope to hear from you at your earliest convenience. How to cite Aplaying for a job, Papers

Cognitive Learning Theory free essay sample

Cognitive Learning Theory Psychology of Learning PSY 331 October 12, 2009 Abstract Cognitive learning theories emerged in the mid-1900s and were a dramatic departure from the behaviorist learning theories so popular at the time. The advent of the computer also contributed to the emergence of cognitive theories of learning because computers provided the first means to metaphorically conceptualize human cognition (Bates, 1999). Cognitive learning theories are based on the assumption that the student is an active learner, that the student actively processes information. These theories emphasize internal processing of information and material to which a student is exposed. Processing include receiving information, processing it and storing it for subsequent recall. The three names most often associated with cognitive learning theories are Bruner, Ausubel and Gagne. These recognized authorities emphasized different aspects of cognitive learning. Bruner emphasized categorization and developing a general concept from examples. Ausubel emphasized reception of information and the need to link that to prior learning. Ausubel gave us the advanced organizer. Gagne looked at the steps or events in learning; he viewed learning as a series of steps. This essay also provides an outline of the key elements in cognitive learning theory. Cognitive Learning Theory Cognitive learning theories are concerned with the processes that go on inside the brain as a person learns, i. e. , the internal processing of information (Bates, 1999; Cooper, 2005). These theories are based on the perspectives that students actively process information and that learning ccurs when students organize that information, store it and then find relationships between information, linking new to old knowledge, schema, and scripts (NSW HSC Online, n. d. ). The major premise in the cognitive school is that humans take in information from their environment through their senses and then process the information mentally (Epsychlopedia, 2000). Mental processing involves the acts of organizing the information, manipulating it to gain greater understanding, storing the new information in the memory and then relating this new information to information that is already stored in the memory (Epsychlopedia, 2000). Cooper (2005) explained: Contemporary research regarding cognitive learning theories has focused on information procession, memory, metacognition, theories of transfer, computer simulations, artificial intelligence, mathematical learning models. These theories were a departure from the behaviorist model, the movement from behaviorism to cognitivism was called the cognitive revolution (Bates, 1999). The advent of the computer also contributed to this movement because computers provided a means to metaphorically conceptualize human cognition (Bates, 1999). As Bates (1999) explains this turnaround in language, stimulus became inputs; response became outputs, and what occurred in between was information processing. There are three theorists most commonly associated with cognitive learning theories: Jerome Bruner, David Ausubel and Robert Gagne (NSW HSC Online, n. d. ). Cognitive learning theories are diverse and each of these theorists emphasized different aspects, however, they were all recognized as authorities in their fields (Cooper, 2005; NSW HSC Online, n. d. ). Bruner promoted discovery learning, which complemented Piagets stages of cognitive development (NSW HSC Online, n. . ). He believed teaching and learning needed to include concrete, pictorial then symbolic activities (NSW HSC Online, n. d. ). This, he said, would lead to more effective learning experiences (NSW HSC Online, n. d. ). Bruners work also focused on categorization and concept formation (Cooper, 2005). Bruners hands-on approach is along the lines of the construct ivist approach to learning (NSW HSC Online, n. d. ). Discovery learning is about leading the student to learn and discover for them selves (University of Natal, 2005). The teacher helps guide the student toward discovery and learning (University of Natal, 2005). Ausubel discussed the differences between rote learning, meaningful learning and the active nature of learning (NSW HSC Online, n. d. ). Ausubel also emphasized prior learning and initiated a learning tool called the advanced organizer (Cooper, 2005). The advanced organizer has its foundation in Gestalt psychology, which taught that information is learned by understanding how information fits together, how it interrelates, and how it is organized (Bates, 1999). Ausubel discussed expository and comparative organizers (Bates, 1999). The expository advanced organizer focused on new material emphasizing general concepts; the comparative advanced organized emphasize material the student already knows (Bates, 1999). One of the major differences between Bruner and Ausubel was that Bruner emphasized inductive learning, using specific observations or examples to determine the general rule or concept, and Ausubel emphasized deductive reasoning, learning a general rule or principle and then applying that to examples (University of Natal, 2005). Both emphasized meaningful learning but said this could only be achieved through different approaches (University of Natal, 2005). For Bruner, that was discovery, and for Ausubel, it was meaningful reception, which means that something like a concept can only become meaningful if it is linked to something already known (University of Natal, 2005). Gagne may be most famous for his task analysis and sequencing ideas (NSW HSC Online, n. d. ). His suggested sequence for learning anything included: aining the attention of the learner, telling the learner the objective of the task, stimulating recall of prior learning, presenting the new material to be learned, providing guidance for learning, eliciting performance, providing feedback regarding corrections needed, assessing performance and then enhancing retention and recall (NSW HSC Online, n. d. ). Gagne saw learning and instruction as a series of phases, using the cognitive steps of coding, storing, retrieving and transferring informati on (Cooper, 2005). Some of the key concepts of the cognitive theory of learning are: * Â ·The learner is active in processing information (University of Natal, 2005). * Â ·Schema. This is an internal knowledge structure. It means the person compares new information to existing cognitive structures, which are called schema. The schema is then changed in some way to accept and accommodate the new information (Mergel, 1998). * Â ·Three-Stage Information Processing Model. Information enters the sensory register, which means the individual receives information from their senses. This only lasts a few seconds before it is replaced. The information may be sent to the short-term memory where it remains for about 20 seconds. It might stay longer if the person rehearses that bit of information. The greatest amount that can be retained in short-term memory is about 7 items. If information is categorized or put into chunks, such as a telephone number, it can be retained in short-term memory longer. The information then goes to long-term memory and storage, which has unlimited capacity. Rote memorization can move information into long-term memory. However, it is the deeper levels of information processing that retain information, such as making links between old and new information or, as mentioned earlier, by categorizing (Mergel, 1998). Meaningful Effects. Any information that is meaningful to a person is easier to learn and retain. Also, if the learner can link the new information to a prior schema that is meaningful, it will be easier to learn and remember (Mergel, 1998). Serial Position Effects. The position of the information makes it easier or harder to learn and remember. For instance, the items on a list that are at the beginning or end will be easier to remember (Mergel, 1998). Practice Effects. Practicing and rehearsing information increases retention of that information (Mergel, 1998). Transfer Effects. Prior learning has an impact on new learning (Mergel, 1998). Organization Effects. When information is categorized, it is easier to learn and remember (Mergel, 1998). Mnemonic Effects. These are strategies we use to remember little bits of information, it is a way of categorizing what may have little meaning to something that is more meaningful.

Vision and Mission Statement Analysis of Snc free essay sample

Vision/Mission statement are the key components of strategic planning. It defines the organization’s purpose, objectives, values and the direction for the future in a brief and concise way. With a good vision statement and mission statement, it can effectively communicate with customers, employees, leadership team and stockholders. The following report is to analysis the vision and mission statement of SNC Lavalin Group Inc, and discusses how they use their statement to align with their performance and activities to its corporate goal. SNC-Lavalin Group Inc. is one of the world’s leading engineering and construction company.The Company operates in four categories of activity: Services, Packages, Operations Maintenance, and Infrastructure Concession investments. It provides services from engineering, project management, construction, construction management, procurement and commissioning. The mission statement (Appendix 1) of SNC-Lavalin Group Inc. is in a good length and it present the organizations purpose and primary objectives. It clearly stated that being a core engineering services business, the main focus is providing professional â€Å"value-added† services from its highly skilled â€Å"know-how† people (technical and managerial competence) to our clients. We will write a custom essay sample on Vision and Mission Statement Analysis of Snc or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Along with the clients, the company also places importance on superior return on investments by stock holders. Same as the mission statement, the vision statement (Appendix 1) of SNC clearly stated its intention is to be the world’s top diversified provider of sustainable engineering and construction solution. It defines the purpose of the organization is to maintain and strengthen its business by developing new skills and activities, in order to respond to the changing needs of clients and markets.

Katherine Mansfield Essays - Bisexual Women, Fourth Way, Free Essays

Katherine Mansfield Essays - Bisexual Women, Fourth Way, Free Essays Katherine Mansfield Katherine Mansfield Katherine Mansfield, who lived from 1888 to 1923, is considered to be one of the most remarkable short story writers of her time. Using her life experiences as an inspiration for her short stories, Mansfield sculpted her ideas into masterful pieces of literary work. Mansfield's life was full of interesting experiences that shaped her outlook upon life. The diversity of friends and acquaintances Katherine Mansfield had over her lifetime also had a great influence on her career. Even as a child, Mansfield made decisions about her life that would create a path for her career to start on. Katherine Mansfield was born Kathleen Mansfield Beauchamp to Harold and Annie Dyer Beauchamp on October 14, 1888. The Beauchamp family called New Zealand their home. A Sea Voyage, written by the young Kathleen Beauchamp, won first-place at the Karori Village School, the grammar school she first attended (Nathan 1). This accomplishment encouraged young Beauchamp to continue on writing. After attending grammar school, Kathleen went on to attend Miss Swainson's Secondary School. During this time, she is acquainted with Maata Mahupuka, a native Maori. Her interest in Mahupuka later grew into a brief love affair with him (Nathan 1). After graduating from secondary school, Miss Kathleen Mansfield Beauchamp left New Zealand. She decided this after thwarting the idea of a career in music. Beauchamp went on to attend London's Queens College and study literature. While in attendance at Queens College, Kathleen made a friend in Ida Baker. Ida Baker, like Beauchamp, was an avid writer. Kathleen gave the pen name Lesley Moore to Ida, after Beauchamp's brother Lesley (Sampson 308). In the spring of 1907, Miss Beauchamp held in garden party and invited many of her acquaintances from college. The party was a complete success until it was discovered that a cottager who lived on the property had been accidentally killed (Nathan 1). This event spawned to become The Garden Party, Beauchamp's first major work (Encarta). In 1909, Kathleen Beauchamp became acquainted with a man by the name of G. C. Bowden. After only a brief period they became engaged and married. The evening after their marriage, Kathleen left Bowden (Disc. Authors 1). Leaving Bowden, she ran away with her longtime friend Garnet Trowell. Trowell was from Wellington; she was a fairly well known cellist. While running away with Garnet Trowell, Kathleen had an affair with a man who ultimately impregnates her. When Kathleen finally discovered this pregnancy, she returned to her mother for support. Trying to remove Kathleen from the distractions of everyday life, Kathleen's mother took her to Bad Worishofen, Bavaria to await the pregnancy (Nathan 1). In June of 1909, Kathleen had a miscarriage. While awaiting the birth of her child, Kathleen wrote stories and drew sketches related to her experiences of Bavaria (Disc. Authors 1). She wrote most of her work in her room at the Hotel Kreuzer (Nathan 1). After battling through difficult times, Beauchamp made many changes in her life. Kathleen Mansfield Beauchamp began using the name Katherine Mansfield exclusively starting in 1910 (Nathan 1). Steven Swift, a fairly well known publisher at the time, published the first copies of Mansfield's In a German Pension (Baugh 287). It was originally advertised as a six-schilling novel (Baugh 287). Only a short time after the initial publication, Swift added the work onto his list of Books that Compel (Sampson 308). During this time, Katherine Mansfield made an acquaintance with an important person. J. Middleton Murry was the editor of Rhyme magazine. Katherine met Murry for the first time when he was twenty-two while working in the same town (Nathan 1). J. Middleton Murry and Katherine Mansfield became closer and their personal relationship grew. Eventually, Murry moved in with Katherine at her London apartment and they soon became lovers. John Middleton Murry and Katherine Beauchamp Mansfield were married on May 3, 1918. This move was made in an act of convenience as well as love, considering Murry was an editor of a magazine that also published short stories. After her marriage to Murry in May of 1918, Katherine went right back to work. In August of the same year, she published the short story Bliss in the English Review (Nathan 1). In

Optical systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Optical systems - Essay Example in wearable technology has become possible due to the technological developments in battery power, chip evolution, improved accuracy, and materials science advancements. There are major names of companies that has provided platforms for the wearable technology, which includes, Microsoft, Google, Nike, Samsung and Apple, while the earliest company entering in this field was Adidas. Though, the current use of wearable technologies is limited, but the future for this seems quite bright (Ranck, 2012). The purpose of this report is to investigate the present use and potential use of â€Å"optical† sensors, devices and displays in wearable technology, and also to research and investigate the topic of plastic optical fibers, their applications and devices used. The wearable technology has become much popular in today’s market, and there are a number of areas in which the wearable technology is currently available. A report by Beecham research in 2013, has shown the wide use of wearable technology in a number of areas, as they suggested that there are five key areas being augmented from the popularity of Wearable Technology Developments. These seven areas are the Security or Safety sector, Medical benefits or E-Health, Fitness or Wellness, Sports Fitness, Lifestyle Computing, Communications, and also the style or Glamor (the areas are given in the appendix as figure 1) (Beecham Reseach Ltd., 2013). Among the devices used as wearable, â€Å"†¦the wrist-worn devices are currently the most publicized areas in wearable technology, with 15.6% of all companies being directly involved†¦Ã¢â‚¬  as according to a research conducted by (IDTechEx, 2014). The most famous wrist-worn device is the smart wristband in the area of fitness and health and sports fitness, where the device is basically a modest computer, which is made in a way that it can be easily fixed on the wrist and monitor the consumers’ fitness through a number of related sensors. In this area, a recent example can be

The Essence of Agape Love in the New Testament Essay

The Essence of Agape Love in the New Testament - Essay Example The majority of scholars have thought of this word to represent divine, self-sacrificing, volitional, unconditional, active, and thoughtful love. Despite the word not having a specific religious connotation, it has been used by a majority of ancient and contemporary sources which include the Bible authors and Christian authors. (Wahlde, 2010) In the Old Testament, the Hebrew used the word Ahab to describe love, it was also used in extensive ways and milieus as the English term: sexual love, love of humanity by God, love of spouse or child, friendship, and so on. In the New Testament, the word ‘agape’ was used without bringing in too much philosophical or theological baggage because the word was Greek. Thus, among the majority of early Christians, the word ‘agape’ was used to refer to the unearned love of God for humanity. This love is so immense that God sent his only son to agonize and pass away for the sake of the sins of mankind. The essence of agape love in the New Testament is, therefore, self-sacrifice. It does not denote the romantic or sexual love of English. It is unique and is distinguished by its characters and nature. According to the Book of John, it affirms that agape is love which is of and from God, whose exact nature is said to be love itself. The apostle affirms that God is love. This implies that God does not only love, but he is love itself. Therefore, everything that God does flows from His love. Therefore, agape has received a broader usage with the Christian writers. It has, however, been denoted to Christian love or charity or God himself. Agape has been expounded by on by various Christian writers some of which we are going to look at. The most common attribute of agape love that will be realized in their writings is that it is a high kind of love that is selfless, and contributes to a passionate commitment to the wellbeing of the other. With reference to 1 John 2 19-20, we try to realize the kind of commitment one is required to have in trying to demonstrate love to his community and faith in God. The book tells us that once we have a feeling of belonging to a community, family or part of any tradition, it is not worth to walk out of it. In this excerpt, the author writes to the Christian community trying to warn them of the advent of antichrist. It is not easy to tell when this book was written. However, it is known that it was written by John, one of the apostles of Christ at around A.D. 180. He refers to them – the antichrists – as opponents who depart or go out from the Christian community. According to the author, their departure means that they were actually never part of the Christian family. In order to understand the importance of this verse, one must first comprehend the setting and the background of the bone of contention that had been hugely reflected in John 1 and 2. 1 John 19 – 20 strongly suggests that there was – before the dispute at present à ¢â‚¬â€œ a time when those departing the Christian community considered themselves as part of the community. The antichrists have now departed from the congregation, the Christian community due to this cause of disagreement – disagreement over Christological doctrines.  

Discussing The Restraint Autonomy Of Elderly Patients Nursing Essay

Discussing The Restraint Autonomy Of Elderly Patients Nursing Essay The use of restraint, whether physical or chemical, has always been a normal practice in the medical field when dealing with critical-ill patients and the elderly. Many would justify this act as a form of protection, in order to decrease the number and chances of self-inflicted harm. However, sometimes, it strips the patients autonomy in decision-making, resulting in a discussion on how exactly should restraint be approached. Introduction The number of elderly people in developed countries has gradually increased over the years. In Australia in the year 1991, 11% of the total population comprised of the elderly (65 years old and above). It has been projected that the 11% will increase to 18% in the next ten years. For people who are 85 years old and above, they comprised about 8% of the total population in 1991. It increased in 2001 to 11% (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2002). With this fact, nursing homes are needed to cater to older people. There are many reasons why the elderly would enter into a nursing home. It is unlikely that they are entering it because they like it (Harker 1997). Entering a nursing home would mean that the person has to give up his possessions and some of his freedom would be stripped away from him, like being able to go anywhere he wants. He would not be able to eat wherever he wants or walk in the park whenever he wants. A nursing home, for some, is like a waiting area for death. It is very rare for those who are admitted to the nursing home to go back to their homes after entering a nursing home. A persons poor health is one of the major reasons for entering a nursing home. They would need access to nursing care that is not available in their own homes. There are home-based nursing cares available but these are very expensive and they cost a lot to maintain. Long ago, when the elderly would need care or assistance, family members are usually available to assist with their needs. Their children would take care of them in their own homes, or some of them would move into their parents homes to take care of them. In present times, this situation is close to impossible because both husband and wife have to work, or a single child has to work in order to support himself. Because the immediate family could not offer any help to them, they have no choice but to go into a nursing home (Harker 1997). For some people, the decision to go into a nursing home lies in the hand of their children or other immediate family members because he or she might not be able to make a sound decision for himself or herself because of her sickness or disease (i.e. Alzheimers disease) or various handicaps. I chose this topic because I know that one day I will have to consider staying in a nursing home because I could not live on my own when I am old. There will be a possibility that my children could not take care of me because they will have their own families to support. This would help me prepare to be competent enough to decide for myself despite of old age or any unforeseeable sickness. Another reason why I chose this topic is because of my father. My father is currently in the hospital because he has cancer, in its last stage already. I could not be beside my father all the time to take care of him because I still have to work and go to school at the same time. Although I know that my father is in good hands with the hospital staff, I could not help but worry about him. With this paper, I hope to gain better understanding on restraint on the elderly. Restraint in Nursing Homes: Barriers in the Health Care System The elderly has mixed feelings regarding their experience with restraint (Gallinagh et al. 2001). For some patients, the practice of using restraints, like bedside rails or wheelchair bars, are sometimes positive. They tend to give them a feeling of safety and stability. Others do not always think of dependence as something negative. In fact, most elderly patients greatly appreciate the assistance that nursing home staff would offer. Unfortunately, a lot more elderly has negative feelings when it comes to restraint. The use of the methods for restraints has traumatic than therapeutic effects for many older people. Most of them lose their dignity, self-respect, and identity. They become embarrassed, anxious, and disillusioned (Gastmans Milisen 2005). Physical restraint is defined as the use of any object or piece of equipment that is attached to or near the body of a person and which that could not be controlled or simply removed by the person. It stops or intentionally prevents a person from moving on his own will. (Gastmans Milisen 2005) Examples of physical restraints are the following: vests, straps/belts, bedside rails, wheelchair bars, bed sheets that are tucked too tightly, etc. Another type of restraint is the chemical (or pharmacological) restraint. This involves the use of drugs to hold back a certain behavior or movement. Other than hypnotic or antidepressant drugs, institutions also use psychotropic drugs like chlorpromazine, diazepam, haloperidol and thioridazine. (Powell et al. 1989) Other methods like being locked in a room, electronic surveillance, and being forced or pressured to do medical examinations and treatments (Gastmans Milisen 2005). In taking care of older people in nursing homes, it is sometimes unavoidable to use restraint. This is usually done to keep them away from any accidents or harm they would inflict on themselves. But lately, because of the growing concern among relatives of elderly patients, long-term care services providers for old people are now required by licensure and accreditation agencies to have a restraint-free culture as a standard practice. However, many fail to achieve the intended result because of so many barriers. These different unavoidable barriers, which are also reasons for restraint on the elderly, are to be discussed in the following paragraphs. The main concern in using restraint on elderly patients is to make sure that they would be safe from any accident that would result to injury. Nurses, caregivers, and other institutional staff fear that the elderly patients might fall anytime. However, there had been a study that 67% of the patient falls from the bed were from those who are physically restraint. (Lee et al. 1999) In the same study, it was also mentioned that inadequate staffing was also another reason for physical restraint since the staff could not keep an eye on all the patients all the time. It was revealed that 36% of nurses confirmed that physical restraint was used when they could not closely monitor the patients. Ironically, when the elderly patients tried to resist the physical restraint imposed on them, it results to undesirable consequences, therefore, they will be needing more nursing care-the opposite result of what the nurses, who preferred physical restraints when understaffed, were hoping to achieve (V arone et al. 1992). There is no clear confirmation that restraints prevent injury in clinical settings. To continue such ways without thorough assessment of the situation is an outcome of not sticking to evidence-based practice. Staff could be charged with allegations of professional misconduct and legal actions from patients and their families (Cheung Yam 2005). Physical injury comes in two categories. First, it is related with the direct impact of the device used for restraint on the patient. Examples of these injuries are bruises, nerve damage, asphyxiation, and even sudden death. Second, it is associated to the injuries attained because of enforced immobilization. This includes loss of muscle tone, contracture, or reduced functional ability. The injuries in the second category are more intense for the elderly patients because this might extend their stay in the hospital, cause them to fall, and triggers pressure ulcers (Cheung Yam 2005). Robbins et al. (1987) reported that morbidity and mortality rates are eight times higher among restrained patients compared to those who are unrestrained. Restrained patients could also suffer from psychological harms aside from physical injuries. They often have negative responses like anger, fear, denial, demoralization, humiliation, depression, agitation and regressive behaviors (Gorski 1995). Other patients have complained about the loss of dignity. They have considered those kinds of experiences to be humiliatingly against their human rights. Apathy and depression become worse for many older, restrained people that they feel a sense of abandonment. Studies on social behaviors in different nursing homes showed that there is a big difference with restrained and unrestrained elderly patients. The former usually stops any form of social interaction (Folmar Wilson 1989). Other studies showed that nurses sometimes have a difficult time in facilitating treatment regimens that they resort to physical restraint. For example, a patient is confused and is having an intravenous infusion drip. He tries to pull out the drip, which may cause him to bleed. A nurse will have to strap his hands so that he would not be able to pull the drip out, and injuring themselves. (Lee et al. 1999) However, according to studies, the use of restraint in these kinds of situation increases the agitation of patients, which ironically again, makes them more susceptible to injury (Thomas et al., 1995). Incompetence, due to psychiatric diagnosis or cognitive impairment, is usually another reason for restraint among elderly patients. Staff could easily argue that the patient is too confused or demented to make a reasonable decision for his own welfare. They believe that competence is a medical issue and could be resolved only through scientific evidence. However, Leifer (1963) cited facts that showed inconsistencies between pathological and clinical findings for mental incapacity. In short, he tried to explain that there is no reliable connection between the state of the brain and the legal criterion for competency (Schafer 1985). A certain judge in the United States District Court of New Jersey emphasized that one must not automatically assume that insane patients are not competent to give or hold back consent for treatment or medication (Schafer 1985). A patient has every right to refuse any treatment and the people around him should always respect that. There are three ways in determining the validity of a patients consent. First, the patient must have the capacity or competence to make a decision. Second, the patient must be thoroughly explained of all the pros and cons and other information that would help him reach a decision. Lastly, the patient must never be forced to make a decision. (Gert et. al. 1997) Until a court finds the patient incompetent, the patient must always be assumed to be competent. In some cases, psychiatrists often define this as a medical emergency, which would require compulsory treatment and intervention on the patients autonomy. There are times when the staff is really qualified to provide effective care but the patient is just too difficult to handle. (Schafer 1985) Issues with Restraints There was a study that pointed out that with physical and chemical restraint, nurses feel safer and they are more psychologically comfortable. It showed that the nurses were more concern of their own comfort than the welfare of the elderly. They were thinking that when they fail to restrain patients, they would become legally liable for any accident that might happen. This places the elderly patients at a higher risk of injury because of confusion, agitation, and pressures. It only gave the nurses a false sense of safety (Thomas et al., 1995). The attitude of the staff has a great effect on both the quality of treatment of older people and the consideration given to preserving their dignity and autonomy. By maintaining their dignity and autonomy, it minimizes the distress felt by the patients. Dignity refers to the self-respect maintained by an individual and valued by others. Autonomy refers to the control of making decisions, in any aspect of life, for oneself (Lothian 2001). In a research by Bernard in 1998, he found evidences that implied that a significant number of people working in the medical field hold pessimistic views on older people. An important way of tackling poor attitudes by staff towards the elderly patients is though extensive and continued training. Evidence showed that exposure to a more specialized training in geriatric care is beneficial. People, who still have grandparents as role models, have also been found to treat older people with better attitudes. (Haight et al. 1994) Staff, who are trained, becomes sensitive to the different issues around an older persons dignity and autonomy, are better equipped to treat older patients (Lothian 2001). In the UK, there are two major legal issues regarding both physical and chemical restraint. The first issue concerns about the law of assault, the threat of violence, and the actual and direct use of unlawful physical force on another person (also known as battery) even though they are not really harmed. The second one involves the risk of negligence (Trivedi et al. 2009). An example could better describe this. A court in Germany held a nursing home responsible for violations of obligations when an elderly female resident had a fracture. The patient fell off he toilet inside her room while the nurse went to the bathroom sink to wash the patients dentures. The nurse was not able to prevent or stop the fall because she could not see the patient from where she was. The patient was still mobile and could still walk with help days before the accident. In spite of this, she was already in her last stages of Alzheimers disease so her actions were more of a series of events rather than premeditated actions. The nurse should have anticipated any abrupt changes since she knew about the disease already. The court placed this error on the nursing home as negligence (Sammet 2006). Some other judgments have been made that are similar to the situation above. According to Sammet (2006), possible movements should have been anticipated and predicted. The nurses control should substitute the patients incapacitated will as a way of protection. In cases of serious dementia, the patients personal wish should not be taken into account. Since he or she could not make a reasonable wish at all. Sammet (2006) described this kind of care and protection as disease-centered. In this case, the medical data matters and not what the confused patients wants. Therefore, there should be a balancing of values. The nursing home staff should be in a position to restrain patients to safeguard them from harm and injury. Intervention is necessary and the elderly are often not given the privilege to refuse because they are usually not capable anymore of doing so (Sammet 2006). Strategies in Overcoming Restraint More focus should be placed on educating nurses to reduce the unfitting use of restraints on elderly patients. Thorough nursing assessment is especially needed before using any restraints (Lee et al. 1999). The use of restraints should always be the last resort, not the first option. When healthcare providers do not have any other choice but to restrain the elderly patients, utmost care and attention should be provided. Nurses and caregivers should also acknowledge that they have an ethical duty to clarify and give details to elderly patients and their families the purpose for making use of restraints and should always get an informed consent as much as possible. Coordinating with other healthcare professionals should be promoted since combined efforts will allow them to identify other means or approaches to care apart from using restraints (Lee et al. 1999). Ethicists have created a list of principles for the right way of using restraints on demented patients. This list is usually used by government agencies. Moss and La Puma (1991) suggested the following guidelines: (1) mechanical restraints should never be ordered in a regular manner and should not be used as a replacement for careful patient surveillance; (2) arrangements for restraints should start a medical investigation for the purpose of pointing out and correcting the medical or psychological complication that triggered the order of the restraint; (3) the patients representative who is involve in decision-making should agree to the restraints and be fully informed of the different risks and benefits; (4) mechanical restraints should be used carefully (and only for a temporary time), making use of the least-restrictive device as much as possible; and lastly, (5) chemical or pharmacological restraints should only be prescribed by the proper professional, should be in the lowest ef fective dose, and the patients status must be frequently reassessed. Clinical ethics is about considering the ethical values and standards that acts as guidelines for clinical actions. Every elderly should be treated as a person (Janssens 1980-1981). This serves as the first value. Human dignity could not be given up, not even through disease, disability or approaching death. Caregivers and nurses should always respect the dignity of patients (Gastmans Milisen 2005). As a second value, one should always take into consideration that each human being is a responsible individual. Humans act base on their conscience, in a free but responsible means (Janssens 1980-1981). The elderly, as human beings, should be allowed to make choices and should be respected. A high regard for the overall welfare is the third value that should be secured. When it comes to a time when decisions for physical restraint have to be made, social, psychological, and moral aspects of a persons wellbeing are all considered. (Gastmans Milisen 2005). The fourth ethical value is about promoting self-reliance among the elderly. This could, in many cases, postpone or prevent the use of any restraint on the elderly. Nursing homes could help by specific measures (lowering the bed to avoid or prevent painful falls, using shock-absorbing and non-slip floor covering, walking aids, hip protectors), by measures to optimize the environment (using ample lighting without glare, familiar surroundings orientation, prevent or minimize sensory overload), by individualized care (by encouraging social interactions by talking and listening to them and motivate them to participate in activities), and by preventing or decreasing factors for fall like nutrition management, routine toilet ing, stimulating mental processes, balance training and exercises (Gastmans Milisen 2005).

Local-Color Regionalism in Tennessees Partner Essay -- essays research

The literary movement of local-color regionalism in American literature is a very distinctive and interesting form of fiction writing that effectively combines regional characteristics, dialect, customs and humor. In Bret Harte’s Tennessee’s Partner, these characteristics helped the story jump off the page, allowing the reader to understand the â€Å"times† rather than just the characters. And, for that reason, I feel that this is an outstanding piece of work. One of the most distinguishable characteristics of local-color regionalism writing is the usage of authentic dialect based on the story’s setting. In Tennessee’s Partner, Harte uses this tactic best when quoting the title character. For example, when Tennessee’s Partner suddenly appears in court on behalf of his best friend, Tennessee, his words are carefully written based on how they sounded from his mouth – not on how they should be, grammatically speaking: â€Å"†¦Tennessee, thar, has played it pretty rough and expensive-like on a stranger, and on this yer camp. And now, what’s the fair thing?...Here’s seventeen hundred dollars in coarse gold and a watch, -- it’s about all my pile, – and call it square!† Such talk effectively captures the typical conversation of the Old West and the Gold Rush and gives the reader a feeling of authenticity. Tennessee’s speech is similar, though not nearly as rough. Although not one hand of poker was played throughout the entire story, Tennessee revealed, through his use of words in his every...

Candid Communication Essay

Due to the costly failed attempt to expand to the European market, and recognition of the major underlying cultural problems which resulted in the unsuccessful expansion, our team has been tasked with proposing plans for revitalizing your corporate culture. Key personnel, who could have provided advice to avert the flawed expansion strategy, did not voice their concerns or advice because such actions were not culturally encouraged. As an executive management team, you have recognized that this failure to uphold a corporate culture which values candid communication at all levels was the ultimate cause of this setback. This proposal is designed to uncover potential obstacles to creating a culture which foster candid communication, and present a plan of action to alter the corporate culture from the ground up. Question 1: The obstacles of fostering candid communication can be categorized into three areas: personal, physical and cultural. When discussing personal obstacles, the outer layers peel back to find both interpersonal and intrapersonal barriers that your organization will find in their journey to value candid communication. For example, interpersonal barriers occur between team members, such as differences in personality styles or behavioral preferences. Ignoring or not addressing these differences can lead to rivalry, competition and fear of speaking up due to retaliation or further dislike from other co-workers. Though individuals in your company may not like or be willing to work with one-another, the major obstacle is to first get them talking to address their differences. Furthermore, even if your employees hold similar behavioral or personality styles, another obstacle may be that their relationships might not be strong enough to support constructive criticism from others, indicating a lack of trust. The absence of trust is the first dysfunction of a team, according to Patrick Lencioni. â€Å"Trust is the foundation of a team† and the lack of trust is the team’s inability â€Å"to understand and open up to one another† (Lencioni, pg. 43-44). Strong, trusting relationships support providing feedback to other employees and supervisors without fear of future scrutiny. Lack of trust within a group also holds a strong influence on intrapersonal barriers to speak freely. Intrapersonal barriers are those that occur within the individual self or mind but are strongly influenced by their surroundings. For example, without the feeling of trust, employees may revert back to their safety zone by keeping quiet and holding back opinions in order to protective themselves (Lencioni, pg. 195). Likewise, other intrapersonal barriers can be as simple as the individual’s self-confidence level or working with individuals who prefer not to provide criticism for fear of rejection from the group. In addition, another obstacle is the absence of individual’s sense of belongingness to the company, one of Maslow’s steps in his Hierarchy of Needs. Belongingness comes from the company support of employees through personal development and job enrichment which play a critical role for employees to recognize that they and their opinions are valued enough to be shared. Secondly, physical barriers of separation, such as the physical distance between locations, geographic barriers like oceans or even walls between offices, can also hinder the ability to communicate openly to employees,. For example, as your company expands internationally, it will face the creation of virtual teams. Virtual teams are at a disadvantage to build trusting, strong relationships because they do not have the luxury of sitting across the table from one-another to work out disagreements. And, even if they wanted to, it would be extremely expensive for the company to fund trips back and forth across the pond. On the other hand, co-located employees may still feel that physical barriers impede their ability to share from blocked areas and closed doors providing visual cues to employees that they are either not needed or wanted. Last, as your company grows it will face both society and company built cultural barriers. Societal barriers, such as international relations and generational differences can influence the effectiveness of conducting business and building relationships in the future. For example, do the companies that we are working with international hold the same emphasis on candid dialog? Do cultural barriers or age differences enable employees to provide productive feedback or criticism without violating a social norm or without fear of creating adversarial relationships? Both examples of societal based barriers greatly influence the ability of people to feel they can share openly. Likewise, company built cultural barriers continue to obstruct straight talk if the culture does not reward such behavior and the population contains individuals who do not fit the cultural mold. For example, Nordstrom employees who are not fanatic about how amazing you Nordstrom’s is will â€Å"be ejected like a virus† (). Employees who do not see rewards for behaviors or do not agree with the cultural behaviors will not be comfortable to share candidly. Question 2: In order to combat these negative obstacles the company must first create and communicate a solid value structure, mission statement and form committees to help implement and generate ideas. The assurance that people feel valued needs to be the primary focus of the company citing the well known fact that employees are the number one customers. A credo similar to the one mentioned in Built to Last (p. 9) for Johnson & Johnson, listed open for all to see, must be presented to the employees specifically listing core values including but not limited to: welcome change, be honest/open, recognize success but not shun failure, treat everyone with respect and spend considerable amount of time nurturing culture. For maximum impact management needs to proactively practice (MBWA) by walking around displaying, encouraging and measuring the success of all these values. These values and structures need to be engrained early in the employees so that the culture will become second nature. The objective is for the employee to be culturally rooted early. This is why the processes of recruiting, hiring, socializing and training new employees is critical, similar to Nike within Built to Change â€Å"the company fostered a â€Å"just do it† identity that was reflected in its structure, the people it hired†(p. 46). Once hired, the cultural foundation has been set and injection into the company’s system will receive little resistance making it simple to promote candid communications. Disregarding early processes may allow people to slip into the company who don’t fit the cultural mold and/or they are not properly adjusted into the system. These outcasts have a possibility of being rejected from the system resulting in employee turnover or a multitude of other problems. Recruiters can ensure recruits fit into the open communication culture by various techniques of evaluation, starting at first contact, including socializing events and interview processes. Events that require potential employees to socialize with current employees at their peer level will help evaluate their compatibility within the system and the employees. Employees administering interviews are encouraged to ask more behavioral questions rather than job function related questions. This will also ensure that new candidates are on the right path to successful transplant into the company. Once hired, new employees are to be indoctrinated with the concept of free speech. In order to build relationships and foster vertical communication, all new employees regardless of position, are to attend a high level onboarding training that is done within one large room. Next they participate in a communication building scavenger hunt requiring them to find and speak to certain individuals within the organization. The new employees are then paired with existing employees in their own department for 3-6 months because it typically takes a while for employees to become situated and comfortable in their new environment. By training employees in this way you guarantee little deviation from expected culture and instill the free speech initiative, making it easier to have candid conversations. People tend to respond positively to change when they receive recognition from managers. Displaying exceptional behavior is often overlooked leading employees to believe that the attribute is not exceptional or essential to success. When establishing a system for rewarding positive behaviors, especially those that revolve around the core values and candid communication, the rewards need to be in high regard to the employee and not necessarily monetary, Microsoft shows this in Built to Change when it â€Å"employees have challenging work and, of course, one of the most highly rewarding stock plans around†¦. hereby attracted some of the country’s top software engineers and marketing geniuses†(p. 47). Equally important within the innovation process is having more time to develop new ideas shown in Built to Change 3M’s â€Å"policies and practices that give employees time to experiment, and its reward system recognizes innovative work† (p. 39). The rewards and time provided for ideas generated will bring about open communication but would be ultimately ineffective in the event that there isn’t a way to evaluate these ideas and innovations. Therefore a committee consisting of white and blue collar workers should be assembled to evaluate and investigate ideas that are submitted for validity or cost effectiveness. To instill a culture that embraces and utilizes open communication candidly the company must have a way to promote and judge the performance of the changes. A committee will be formed in order to set goals, establish who will be in charge, schedule mingling events, enrich communications and ultimately ensure that this initiative isn’t forgotten. The mingling events would serve as a tool to not only build relationships between employees, breaking down communication barriers, but to strengthen and reinforce ties to the company. Some examples of the events would include speed mentoring, company picnics, benefit fairs, blood drives and fundraising events. Next the committee would be responsible for enriching communications throughout the company by fostering goodwill, laying out company-wide changes and compiling and maintaining the medium for communication disbursement. Mediums of communication can vary from newsletters, memos, banners or blogs. In Corporate Culture and Performance, Tandem Computers practices this by displaying achievements â€Å"are regularly recognized on bulletin boards as Our Latest Greatests†(p. 16). Communication transmitted must be professional to avoid wasting time across the organization. Some additional information, including information about the CEO’s family, may be added to show that she is human and the message is genuine. The committee would also explain new product information, organizational issues that might be confusing and benefit changes that might seem to only benefit the employer. By doing this managers can build rapport to increase employee understanding of the company, products, ethics, culture, and external environment, showing that the managers are not hiding information. This builds trust and fosters open communication. In order to facilitate information sharing, the company must utilize various ways of mentoring. Level mentoring should be skipped so that employees get an opportunity to meet with someone above the direct management. Reverse mentoring will be also instilled in the company as the younger person might have some fresh ideas and new tools. Sometimes, a new set of ideas might be the solution to a lingering issue in the company. Training sessions are organized by putting the management and employees on the same teams. Likewise, large group information sessions are implemented to talk about issues related to employees with management information similar to Merck’s communication meetings that are held three times a year. These meetings will have the full support of upper management and are used to open communication, improve the flow of information among all levels of management and to provide employees with information they need to do their jobs better. There could also be an improvement in information sharing by having no doors on offices or no physical barriers between management and lower level employees. Honda and Harley Davidson have an open door policy as described in Built to Change (p. 9). The company should clearly define fair policies and procedures. This will help the employees to know what is expected of them. If employees know what the company expects, it is easier for them to be accountable for their own behavior and contribute accordingly. Clear guidelines for professional conduct will be established by the company so that co-workers treat each other with respect regardless of their position in the company. Also, a process of performance review system will be implemented to ensure the employees are promoting the company’s value structure. A 360 degree review process will be utilized by the company which will help to provide on-going feedbacks to all the employees. This will enable all the subordinates, peers and supervisors to have their input towards the company. This will also help to assess all employees on a continual basis on how they are performing to business needs as well as adapting to the values of the company. The results from these reviews can be used to make administrative decisions as well as to plan for training and development in the future. The company should also not sway from their core values no matter what, as described in Built to Change (p. 4) in the Southwest Airlines example. This will enable the employees to stay loyal and feel comfortable knowing that their jobs are stable. Finally, the company will provide proper benefits to the employees including fair pay based on individual performance, team performance and seniority so that the employees feel valued. A proper organic organization structure will be designed to empower people and allowing them to make their own decisions. This will make the employees accountable with their decisions. A flatter organization structure will be designed in order to enable employees to speak freely to higher levels of management for advice. This will also enhance the mentoring process and help to build effective relationships. After assessing the culture and gathering input, the company should identify the system, policies and procedures that must be either changed or implemented to support the new culture. The new infrastructure should address role expectations, accountability, rewards and selection systems. The company will also have defined job descriptions and encourage people to switch departments so that employees won’t feel pigeon-holed. In other words, the company will also allow mobility within the organization in order to get the most out of their employees and employees will be more flexible. The employees should also understand other roles and jobs in the company to be able to relate to them and provide input for improvements. The company will focus more on team based design that will eventually help to elevate individual performance in the company. Individuals in the company will be cross trained or conditioned in order to improve the overall performance of the whole team. Although the word â€Å"team† is heavily used in the industry today, teams often play a major role in initiating organizational change. A cross functional team design will create mutual accountability for results and joint ownerships of work products. Above all, a properly designed organic organization structure will positively impact the ability to focus, directly affects the communication channels and empowers people by giving the employees a drive to make their own decisions. Question 3: While designing and implementing an effective, company-wide communication structure is vitally important, the activities performed by leaders at all levels are paramount to sustaining an effective communication culture. Managers are the face of your company’s culture and their interactions with their direct reports will be the frontlines of the company’s culture battles. Beginning with the hiring process, managers must be mindful that they are not only assessing the potential hire’s technical skills and abilities, but also their fit within the culture. They must abide by and practice recruiting and hiring techniques that will reasonably ensure that the company is hiring candidates that will express the desired behavior and align with the culture. These techniques could include maintaining relationships with contacts at local universities and recruiting firms. If these contacts are familiar with your company and culture they could aid in providing a stream of potential new hires and would be able to â€Å"pre-screen† for cultural fit. Mangers should openly discuss the company’s culture and ask explicit questions regarding how the potential hire feels he/she will fit within the culture. This will set cultural expectations of open and candid communication with all interviewees long before any are hired. Also, managers should use behavioral type interview questions to test the candidate’s attitudes, trust and ability to speak freely. Additionally, the interviews should be conducted by employees of varying levels of the company, both managers and non-mangers, with a single manager soliciting feedback from all other interviewers regarding their assessment of the recruit. Once potential employees are deemed to be a cultural fit and are hired it is important to continue the initiation process into the culture. Managers need to immediately begin teaching new employees about the open communication culture and submerging them in it. The Container Store, for example, submits all new hires to a weeklong orientation in which they are taught the inner workings and philosophy of the company (FoE, pg. 75). Socialization techniques can be utilized to build the relationships between the new and established employees, understanding that well socialized employees are more likely to share information freely. Managers can organize gatherings of new and current employees to introduce the new hires to their co-workers. Examples would be ice cream or pizza socials in which ice-breaker type games are used to introduce and socialize new hires to their peers. Mangers can also take new hires to lunch with a small group of their fellow employees in an effort to socialize the new employee in an environment outside the workplace. An emphasis should be made at these types of gatherings to learn about the employee’s life outside of the work environment. Other practices like a mentoring or buddy system could also be utilized to engage the new employee in an open communication culture. The focus of these activities should be to build trust and a sense of value within the new hire. Employees that perceive themselves as being valued and have strong trust relationships with their direct reports and co-workers are more likely to give of themselves, that is, to invest their â€Å"heads and hearts† with your company. While recruiting and initiating new hires into the culture is vital, most of a leader’s time will be spent maintaining the open communication culture. These tasks can be broken down into activities that build relationships, empower employees and provide reviews and feedback. Mangers should spend a considerable amount of time getting to know and nurture relationships with their direct reports. Leaders should adopt a Management by Wondering Around system where managers spend time with employees getting to know what they are doing, how they are doing it, what kind of problems they are facing, and what help is required to solve the problems (Dynamic Business Strategy, info from Vick). This type of communication should be seen as an integral part of managing people, not as an additional burden to a manager’s already busy schedule. An open-door policy should be utilized so that managers are available to their employees as much as possible. Leaders should also maintain a database of employee birthdays and employment anniversaries and recognize these occasions with cards and/or gifts. Management could also hold monthly get-togethers to celebrate the birthdays, anniversaries and milestones that occurred that month. Managers should be encouraged to spend time with their direct reports outside the work environment. Informal gatherings like lunches and happy hours could be utilized to get to know direct reports on a more personal level. Managers should hold occasional casual days in which employees are allowed to wear themed casual attire like university t-shirts to kick off football season or Hawaiian shirts at the start of summer. Additionally, leaders could send out daily or weekly e-mails informing employees of what is going on around the company.

The Performance Art Center On Texas State University s...

On the first of November I visited the Performance Art Center, on Texas State University’s campus. There I saw the Texas State Jazz Ensemble perform with guest, Steve Houghton. The performance began at 7:30pm and lasted for an approximate hour and a half. As I observed the stage I noticed that there were a variety of instruments played in the jazz ensemble. The instruments that were played included string (grand piano, electric guitar, electric bass, bass), brass (trumpet, trombone, French horn), woodwind (tenor sax, alto sax, baritone sax) and percussion instruments (six piece drum set, bongos). On the drum set was, special guest, Steve Houghton from the music school of Iowa. Overall, there were several different pieces of different sub-genres of jazz music. The pieces that were played in the ensemble included the following: Slide’s Derangement by Slide Hampton, BBC by Bob Florence, Dangerous Curves by Matt Harris, Blues for 70 by John Clayton, Jazz Crimes by Joshua Re den, Isotope by Joe Henderson, Basie’s Back in Town by Ernie Wilkins. Each piece named above had its own uniqueness. The characteristics of each musical piece will be described below: Slide’s Derangement started off with a solo performed by an alto sax. There were also solos performed by a trumpet and the drums. Each solo was accompanied by a melodic repetition of numerous crescendos performed by brass and woodwind instruments. The drums and the rhythm kept the upbeat tempo by the string instruments. TheShow MoreRelatedMoving To Arlington Essay723 Words   |  3 PagesMoving to Arlington Arlington is a city in Texas located to the Western side of Dallas and Eastern side of Fort Worth Metroplex. 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Though all states in the United States permit parents to homeschool, some stat es (such as California) require homeschoolers to register as privateRead MoreEducation Is The Most Powerful Weapon1598 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstanding that you get from attending a school, college, or university (1). In today’s society, education is dispensed and received through different forms: campus-based, internet-based, distance, and home education. Home education or homeschool means a nonpublic school conducted primarily by the parent, guardian or other person having custody of a child (2). Though all states in the United States permit parents to homeschool, some states (such as California) require homeschoolers to register as privateRead MoreDesign - Student Center Case Study and Analysis (Complete)5503 Words   |  23 Pages------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Definition †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 Design Parameters †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Design Strategies †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 Case Studies of a Student Center Foreign †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 Local †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 18 Site Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 24 Bibliography †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 27 Space Programming †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreThe College Degree: Just Another Pyramid Scheme Essay1640 Words   |  7 PagesCollege is an institution of higher learning, providing general or liberal arts education rather than technical or professional training; and for years, has been determined to be the best investment. 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