Tactical Leadership vs Organizational Leadership Essay

Tactical Leadership vs Organizational Leadership Walter Trotter United States Army Sergeant Major Academy Class 63 SGM Stephens/MS Walker August 19, 2012 Tactical Leadership VS Organizational Leadership There are certain things that you need to know as a leader, I will explain some of the differences facts and opinions about tactical leadership verse organization leadership. Leadership is not just a word or act that is use only in the military, every organization in the world has some type of leadership structure from the small business to the biggest cooperation leadership plays an important roles. I will discuss some of the similarities between the tactical and organizational leadership as it relates to the Army. When we think†¦show more content†¦As an effective leader one has to be especially close to their subordinates in order to provide them with the necessary purpose, direction and motivation to complete their assigned task. The tactical level is usually found at the company or platoon level, this leader is always looking to accomplish the short term goals in support of the long term mission. Tactical leaders must know how to solve problems quickly and without hesit ation, they have more direct influence over soldiers because they are in the trenches with them. At this stage the leader has to council, correct and led their soldiers through the direct approach of leadership. Organization leadership This leadership style is where the leader actually has to plan and synchronize training in order that the small units are able to produce the tactical into the operational action. At the organization level a leader is not in a traditional leadership position when they are directly in charge of soldiers. Leaders in this style are the one whom establish section that develop plans and create orders. When a result is achieved at this level the entire team is responsibility for the outcome. 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Trade Liberalization A Win Winning Proposition And...

Introduction According to economic theory, trade is a win-win proposition and economic incentives should encourage trade and eliminate restriction to it. Probably that is the reason we observe a trade intensive global economy. Trade liberalization are not as simple as it appears. Questions such as which trading partner to choose, how much and how fast the liberalization should take place, and whether the additional trade is beneficial are still debatable for many developed and developing countries (Ciuriak, 2008 ). The international economic integration promotes a win – win situation on an aggregate national level. Nevertheless, the uneven distribution of cost and benefit in the industry level, and further to the firm and household level makes the trade liberalization controversial and politically difficult regardless of its benefits. under normal circumstances trade should lead to transfer of surplus from producer to consumer. However, some consumers may benefit more than others. Some might even lose. For instance, if the consumer’s preferred product being pushed out the market due to an intense competition. Reduction in trade barriers such as tariff and licensing requirement increases the competition for domestic industries. At the same time, it provides an access to foreign markets. This can provide advantages for some industries and drawbacks for others. Some firms will gain even in declining industries and some lose or forced to exit. The adjustment cost ofShow MoreRel atedSecret Recipe Plan10552 Words   |  43 Pagesinitiatives for manufacturing activities, tourism, the agricultural sector, transportation, and communication. Trade Policy Trade policy is to pursue trade liberalization through the rule-based multilateral trading system under the World Trade Organization (WTO). Free trade agreements (FTAs) have traditionally been confined to trade in goods. However, after the establishment of the WTO, trade in services has been included in many FTAs. 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Barrio Boy And The Joy Luck Club free essay sample

Essay, Research Paper In both pieces of literature ; # 8220 ; Barrio Boy, # 8221 ; by Ernesto Galarza and # 8220 ; The Joy Luck Club, # 8221 ; by Amy Tan ; the writers portray five households and their friends? battle with linguistic communication barriers, even within their ain households, accommodating to the imposts and modus operandis of the North American society, and how the younger household members succeeded in school, work, and relationships. In Amy Tan? s book # 8220 ; The Joy Luck Club, # 8221 ; the subject of the # 8220 ; American Dream, # 8221 ; which is the belief that America is a guaranteed land of chance, of success and felicity is the chief subject in the narrative. It is of adult females who set off on a journey because in their ain state they were enduring through many adversities, like war and shame from their ain household in China. Much like Ernesto Galarza? s book, # 8220 ; Barrio Boy, # 8221 ; his household and Ernesto see a revolution in Mexico, their place state. We will write a custom essay sample on Barrio Boy And The Joy Luck Club or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The adversities of holding to travel from metropolis to metropolis in Mexico was tough on the household since they fundamentally needed to get down from abrasion and inquire for favours from other household members if they could remain under their roofs. In Amy Tan? s book, Lena one of the immigrant? s kid is merely 10 old ages old when her male parent is promoted. He moves the household across the bay to San Francisco, where they take an flat at the top of a steep hill. Lena? s female parent is non happy with the flat ; she feels that it is # 8220 ; non balanced, # 8221 ; and that all their good fortune will disappear. In # 8220 ; Barrio Boy, # 8221 ; when a kid of a neighbour was deceasing, Do? a Tr? nsito called the curandera ; a adult female who patterns folk medical specialty with herbs, ointments, compresses, cataplasms, and a small supplication, and much religion on the portion of the patient. In the narrative # 8220 ; the therapist laid on a side tabular array an mixture of bundled weeds, little glass jars, tapers, and paper bags tied with strings. On the floor following to her she placed a canvas satchel # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .The electric visible radiation was turned off. She opened the satchel and took out a framed image of the Virgin of Guadalupe, which was hung on the all over the ill kid? s head. # 8221 ; She continued with the ritual but unluckily the kid died in the forenoon. These two state of affairss that happened in the books has much to make with civilization and traditions that the immigrants in the narratives believe in and still practiced, no affair where they resided. Lena ? s female parent felt that holding a house excessively high up could guard of good liquors and would non convey good fortune to the household, which is normally known as the pattern of Feng Shui. In Ernesto? s instance he witnessed a supplication rite for those who are really ill, P articipated in this because his household members believe in a higher spirit and utilizing the Virgin of Guadalupe as a average and symbol for religious enlightenment. In Amy Tan? s book, the girls experienced relationships with American work forces, and even married some. In Rose Hsu Jordan? s instance she met Ted Jordan and started to day of the month him. When Ted invited Rose to his household field day, Mrs, Jordan took Rose aside and confided that Ted? s hereafter did non include a married woman who was a member of a minority race. Unfortunately Rose experienced racism even though her spoken English was perfect. Ernesto experienced a racialist state of affairs in contrary. Ernesto wanted to direct a missive to his female parent but it was turned into a wire in because it needed to be sent in English. Equally far as his signature at the underside, he wrote # 8220 ; Little Ernie, # 8221 ; but the clerk # 8220 ; refused to destruct my Mexican cultural image, returned the sheet and told me to subscribe Ernesto. # 8221 ; Since Ernesto is populating his immature maturity in a barrio: a vicinity within a metropolis incorporating an belowground society of immature males who regarded the country as their sole district, his experiences are that of a big household where each and every individual understand what it is like to migrate from another state and have to accommodate to the society and people of North America. The immigrants in these books have both tolerated a society that is new to them and finally adapted to it. Where the chief characters decided to shack is portion of California, even in the capital of California. The characters in # 8220 ; The Joy Luck Club, # 8221 ; grew up in an environment where a town was named after their race, # 8220 ; Chinatown # 8221 ; therefore they were fortunate to do friends of the same race and speak about their experiences traveling to America. In # 8220 ; Barrio Boy, # 8221 ; Ernesto really lived around many Americans and worked with them and for them, he developed a good friendly relationship with them excessively. He had many household members around him to back up him and to assist him understand that although he was considered # 8220 ; jefe de la familia, # 8221 ; he still had to obtain his high school sheepskin, which till now is really of import to accomplish. I think it is of import to acknowledge that these households in both books conve rged with other members and helped each other out. Since California is near many other states the outlooks of other immigrants is to acquire by and besides to populate in a society where there is a expansive mix of races and finally unrecorded together in harmoniousness. As America is considered and California is excessively, it is a great thaw pot where many races can all unrecorded.

Role of IT in HRM Essay Example Essay Example

Role of IT in HRM Essay Example Paper Role of IT in HRM Essay Introduction This report suggests the pervasive requirement of IT tools in HRS processes and E- recruitment in an enterprise can bring increased productivity and cost effectiveness. Basically, the availability of information technology(alt) has not been the problem, but its identification, partition and procrastination by HRS mangers to support their HRS initiatives. There are three ways in which IT can impact human resource management I. E Operational, Relational and transformational. Application of IT in HRS can help human capital to achieve competitive advantage. E-recruitment(online recruitment)is also a cost effective strategy. It attracts a diversified pool of employees with less expenditure on advertising. Though. The quality of candidates attracted by E-recruitment is either equivalent or less than the other sources of recruitment . Therefore, it is not the most effective source. Through a questionnaire techniques, an analysis of both IT and E-recruitment has been conducted on HRS process es of an information engineering company. Results has shown the immense effectiveness of IT in HRS and the company stands out as an successful enterprise. Surely, it has reduced the burden of human resource management. Role of IT HARM: Now a days, top leaders fully realize the power of information technology tools can help them reach business targets. The utilization of IT tools in the business helps to define business goals and also optimize the work processes. The contemporary studies constantly confirm contribution of IT tools in Human Resource area I. To accomplish tasks assigned to HRS using IT capabilities. IT encompasses a wide range of tools hardware (from word-processing programs to expert system),software (from main-frames to incomprehensibility and work stations. The vast majority of firms as made use of HARM to transform HRS functions. IT within HRS stores and retrieves large amount of information quickly and inexpensively to institutionalize organizational knowledge. La tely, IT in human resource processes has been the centre of attention for employers in every organization. Role of IT in HRM Essay Body Paragraphs IT can be a potent weapon for lowering administrative costs, increasing productivity, speeding response time, improving decision making, and enhancing customer service. Ultimately, IT can provide data and communications platform that helps HRS link and leverage the firm’s human capital to achieve competitive advantage. Furthermore the overwhelming majority of HRS departments have never used their systems for strategic purposes. The problems tend not to be with the availability of IT for HRS application. Indeed, virtually all of the technology needed to compete in the twenty-first century is readily accessible today. Rather, the evidence suggests that senior managers do not have a workable framework that conveys how IT can be leveraged to exploit its full benefits with HRS. The study called â€Å"Effects of HARM practices on IT usage† (Lee, 2009) shows that organizations use technologies for HRS field such as employee participation, Leary defined Jobs and extensive forma l training. We describe three basic ways in which IT can impact HRS: First, the operational impact of IT; that is, alleviating the administrative burden, reducing costs, and improving productivity internal to the HRS functions itself. The strong administrative component of HRS makes it a logical candidate for automation because cost reduction and increased productivity have been pre-eminent goals of HRS Second, the relational impact of IT; that is, providing managers and employees access to the HRS databases, simultaneously reducing response time, and improving revive levels. It supports HRS related decisions by increasing ability to communicate with others in corporations. Third, the transformational impact of IT; that is, organizing human interaction to create virtual teams and more flexible network organizations. In environment characterized by uncertainty and intense rivalry, many companies are scrambling to reinvent themselves. Trends toward restructuring, reengineering, outsou rcing and strategic alliances all represent efforts by organizations to change the way they do business. IT plays a pivotal role in this transformation. B. E-Recruitment: It is the process involving tasks like finding, attracting, assessing, interviewing and hiring new personnel using technology and web-based services. Online recruitment provides a large pool of employees and facilitates the selection process. The online promotion of an organization as a desirable place to work, through the corporate website or other venues, is one element of e-recruitment. Due to the fact that E- recruitment has a â€Å"virtual† nature. Information gathered suggests two sources: Off- line sources: Specialized magazines in e-Recruitment ,New Technologies and the economy, National and International. On-Line sources: Corporate Web pages for multinational companies Web pages of research centers located in Business Schools and Universities Large Portals and search engine Advantages are: Cost effe ctiveness because of less expenditure on advertising, generates wider geographic pool of employees and potential candidates feel easier to access the company they desire to work for. Disadvantages are: Unguarded outcome: There is no guarantee that company will find what they need out of candidates Time consuming assessment: It makes it time consuming to sift wrought lot of C.v. to reach the candidates ultimately having the skills Standardized formats: Qualified candidates that may not be allowed to demonstrate their skills and talents due to inhibitions put in place by standardized formats is definitely not fairly evaluated. II. ‘ENGINEERING: A. Introduction: engineering is a privately owned global information-engineering firm, founded in 1999. The firm was established with the intention to provide the most best and proficient offshore services in the field of information technology. ‘Engineering is an ISO 9001 :2000 certified company with the mission to provide cost-eff ective quality illusions and the most reliable software development, quality assurance and technical support services to the enterprises worldwide. engineering perceives technology at high spirits. engineering is always there to back its customers right from the idea to the delivery, maintenance and support of solutions. The company envisions of becoming the leading provider of software services , while sustaining a balance between quality, cost and time. B. Role of IT in HRS and E-recruitment: On interrogating the HRS manager, Seed M Eczema, of the firm about the processes hey follow, he mentioned that in order to keep the services efficient and UN-match able and processes transparent, engineering practices a range of IT procedures which are as follows: Recruitment of employees is done through online platforms like rose. PC and Pakistan Software Exports board database. These are regularly checked for potential C.v. and then selected C.v. are transferred to the supervisors and the t eam leads who then make a list of candidates to be called at Scheduling Software. Training is provided on the Job and ISMS(eliminated security management system) Training, CACM(Capability Maturity Model Integration) and ISO 27000-27001 training procedures are followed. Trainings are provided in the large Conference Room with all state-of-the-art IT facilities like Large Screens, Computers, Internet and Server Access. Job Description is available to each employee via server on their own computer system customized. It is arranged according to the seniority and experience of employees with respect to roles, rights and responsibilities. Online chat application with the organization and email notifications make it handy for employees to discuss their problems. There is a â€Å"Finger Printing Device† accessible by HRS manager and GM operations to take into account attendance and timing of each employee. Performance is accessed through activity sheet. Through this data Transfer , P romotion, Pay Roll Maintenance and Lay-off decisions are made. Online Human resource portal on the company server keeps record of all the Compensation, Benefits and Services of Employees. Policy Initiation and formulation are all under ISMS procedure and company makes sure that each employee gets notified through company server and online portal. All employees work on their assigned computers customized according to their roles and rights. Through this records of Training and Development is made. HRS manager, well-equipped with IT knowledge, provides training to employees in the conference room to update skills inventory. Here again, ISMS,COMIC and ISO 27000-27001 training procedures are followed. Organization Planning and Development are also headed by HRS Department under the same rules and procedures, all possible through IT. Ill. Recommendations: As the company itself is an software development/alt company so all the IT facilities are absolutely fitting according to the organiza tion needs. It surely reduces administrative Burden, reduces cost and increases efficiency. As to the relational impact of IT in HRS,it provides remote access to the people inside and outside of the organization with increased connectivity and enhanced services. There is zero paper work involvement and activities within HRS are more process based rather than person based. All the ISMS guidelines for procedures are available to each employee on the company server and in case of any change they are readily notified. The recruitment procedure is though very transparent and ensures equal employment opportunity as per ISMS procedures as yet but it is recommended that the company follows the new setoffs trends to ensure a pool of more specialized and talented potential candidates. These are: Linked is a very popular online recruitment pool and allows employers to post Jobs, receive application, recognize and search for ideal candidates. Twitter: It enable employers to get the word out qui ckly when they are looking to hire. It allows to manage company’s image successfully, an important consideration for new hires. Video assessment tool: This tool takes the photo on a resume to the next level. It allows firms to preview shortlist candidates ahead of the interview process. This tool is meant to save time for employer. Applicant Tracking Software: It allows employers to filter applicants based on their suitability for the position advertised. IV. Conclusion: Being cost-efficient in providing quality services through professional and talented work force is every company’s core mission and vision. Information Technology and web portals plays a requisite role in order to achieve the same. Eventually, the implementation of the innovative technology makes company the best to do business with and to do work for. 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Immigration in California

Immigration in California Free Online Research Papers Immigration was a big issue for many Americans about 1- ½ years ago. When I lived in California it was on of the main problems for the state. Honestly I am more for Immigration then against it, but for a little while I was against it. I remember how I felt when I thought that I was a minority in the country that I am a citizen in. I was tired of applying for a job and being told that even though I had the education, and experience, I was not qualified because I didn’t speak Spanish. Or when I was trying to enroll into a program at the local college I didn’t qualify because I was not a minority. It was so frustrating to know that I basically my address said California but it seemed like Mexico. I completely understand why many Americans wanted the borders to be closely watched and why the Governor wanted to send our Troops to guard the borders. The best thing about this is that it opened up a lot of jobs for Americans that paid very well. After I was being selfish for a couple of month I started thinking: â€Å"Who are we to tell people that they couldn’t live here because they are taking up everything?† which was one of the main complaints. All they want is to provide their family with opportunities that they didn’t have and are not able to provide them with in their country. Isn’t that what most Americans stride to do for their families? I feel that it the system to become a citizen wasn’t so expensive and such a long process then they would be legally. I don’t understand why we pride ourselves to be the greatest country in the world and why we brag about it if we don’t want them to be here. When you think of opportunity you think of America, but yet the â€Å"Land of Opportunities† make it hard for others outside this country to experience that opportunities. Over the years we have witness other countries trying to be just like us. America is a role model for these other countries, and what example have we been setting? Some people in this great country is all about telling everyone how great it is to live here and how †free† it is , but then we charge some one from a poor country their whole life savings in order to live here and then it’s not even guaranteed that you will be able to stay here How fair and free is that? Many countries run their government as we do and treat their citizens somewhat like we do. Just like the old motto: â€Å"If you can’t beat them, join them!† Why is it so hard for us to let them join us? Other countries basically welcomes us with open arms, we welcome them with armed guards and an American Boot! This is False Advertisement!!! Research Papers on Immigration in CaliforniaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraQuebec and CanadaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyDefinition of Export QuotasCapital PunishmentWhere Wild and West Meet

Aroma Compounds and Their Odors

Aroma Compounds and Their Odors An odor or odour is a volatile chemical compound that humans and other animals perceive via the sense of smell or olfaction. Odors are also known as aromas or fragrances and (if they are unpleasant) as reeks, stenches, and stinks. The type of molecule that produces an odor is called an aroma compound or an odorant. These compounds are small, with molecular weights less than 300 Daltons, and are readily dispersed in the air due to their high vapor pressure. The sense of smell can detect odors are extremely low concentrations. How Odor Works Organisms that have a sense of smell detect molecules by special sensory neurons called olfactory receptor (OR) cells. In humans, these cells are clustered at the back of the nasal cavity. Each sensory neuron has cilia that extend into the air. On the cilia, there are receptor proteins that bind to aroma compounds. When binding occurs, the chemical stimulus initiates  an electric signal in the neuron, which transmits the information to the olfactory nerve, which carries the signal to the olfactory bulb in the brain. The olfactory bulb is part of the limbic system, which is also associated with emotions. A person may recognize an odor and relate it to an emotional experience, yet might be unable to identify the specific components of a scent. This is because the brain doesnt interpret single compounds or their relative concentrations, but the mix of compounds as a whole. Researchers estimate humans can distinguish between 10,000 and one trillion different odors. There is a threshold limit for odor detection. A certain number of molecules need to bind olfactory receptors to stimulate a signal. A single aroma compound may be capable of binding to any of several different receptors. The transmembrane receptor proteins are metalloproteins, probably involving copper, zinc, and perhaps manganese ions. Aromatic Versus Aroma In organic chemistry, aromatic compounds are those that consist of a planar ring-shaped or cyclic molecule. Most resemble benzene in structure. While many aromatic compounds do have an aroma, the word aromatic refers to a specific class of organic compounds in chemistry, not to molecules with scents. Technically, aroma compounds  include volatile inorganic compounds with low molecular weights that can bind olfactory receptors. For example, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an inorganic compound that has a distinctive rotten egg scent. Elemental chlorine gas (Cl2) has an acrid smell. Ammonia (NH3) is another inorganic odorant. Aroma Compounds by Organic Structure Organic odorants fall into several categories, including esters, terpenes, amines, aromatics, aldehydes, alcohols, thiols, ketones, and lactones. Here is a list of some important aroma compounds. Some occur naturally, while others are synthetic: Odor Natural Source Esters geranyl acetate rose, fruity flowers, rose fructone apple methyl butyrate fruits, pineapple, apple pineapple ethyl acetate sweet solvent wine isoamyl acetate fruity, pear, banana banana benzyl acetate fruity, strawberry strawberry Terpenes geraniol floral, rose lemon, geranium citral lemon lemongrass citronellol lemon rose geranium, lemongrass linalool floral, lavender lavender, coriander, sweet basil limonene orange lemon, orange camphor camphor camphor laurel carvone caraway or spearmint dill, caraway, spearmint eucalyptol eucalyptus eucalyptus Amines trimethylamine fishy putrescine rotting meat rotting meat cadaverine rotting meat rotting meat indole feces feces, jasmine skatole feces feces, orange blossoms Alcohol menthol menthol mint species Aldehydes hexanal grassy isovaleraldehyde nutty, cocoa Aromatics eugenol clove clove cinnamaldehyde cinnamon cinnamon, cassia benzaldehyde almond bitter almond vanillin vanilla vanilla thymol thyme thyme Thiols benzyl mercaptan garlic allyl thiol garlic (methylthio)methanethiol mouse urine ethyl-mercaptan the smell added to propane Lactones gamma-nonalactone coconut gamma-decalactone peach Ketones 6-acetyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine fresh bread oct-1-en-3-one metallic, blood 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline jasmine rice Others 2,4,6-trichloroanisole the scent of cork taint diacetyl butter scent/flavor methyl phosphine metallic garlic Among the smelliest of the odorants are methyl phosphine and dimethyl phosphine, which can be detected in extremely low amounts. The human nose is so sensitive to thioacetone that  it can be smelled within seconds if a container of it is opened hundreds of meters away. The sense of smell filters out constant odors, so a person becomes unaware of them after continuous exposure. However, hydrogen sulfide deadens the sense of smell. Initially, it produces a strong rotten egg smell, but binding of the molecule to odor receptors prevents them from receiving additional signals. In the case of this particular chemical, the loss of sensation can be deadly, as it is extremely toxic. Aroma Compound Uses Odorants are used to make perfumes, to add odor to toxic, odorless compounds (e.g., natural gas), to enhance the flavor of food, and to mask undesirable scents. From an evolutionary standpoint, a scent is involved in mate selection, identifying safe/unsafe food, and forming memories. According to Yamazaki et al., mammals preferentially select mates with a different major histocompatibility complex (MHC) from their own. MHC can be detected via scent. Studies in humans support this connection, noting its also affected by the use of oral contraceptives. Aroma Compound Safety Whether an odorant occurs naturally or is produced synthetically, it may be unsafe, especially in high concentrations. Many fragrances are potent allergens. The chemical composition of fragrances is not regulated the same from one country to another. In the United States, fragrances in use before the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 were grandfathered in for use in products. New aroma molecules are subject to review and testing, under the oversight of the EPA. Reference Yamazaki K, Beauchamp GK, Singer A, Bard J, Boyse EA (February 1999). Odortypes: their origin and composition.​ Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (4): 1522–5.Wedekind C, Fà ¼ri S (October 1997). Body odour preferences in men and women: do they aim for specific MHC combinations or simply heterozygosity?. Proc. Biol. Sci. 264 (1387): 1471–9.

Critical Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Critical Summary - Essay Example Experiencing the pleasure associated with the sexual activity results in satisfaction of the human sexual desire. The reductionist account of sex is based on the premise of sexual desires being satisfied through sexual activity. The intetionalist account of sex has been developed from the knowledge of interpersonal intetionalist which results in people engaging in sexual activity. As a theory opposing the reductionist account, this account is a result of the physical pleasure which occurs through contact with another person’s body. This commonly causes physical arousal, which is a normal occurrence when individuals have the intention of engaging in physical activity (Morgan, 2003). The intetionalist account commonly focuses on cases where pleasures are derived for the nature and appearances of the sexual partners. The existence of different perceptions regarding sexual pleasure remains the fundamental causes of the differences in sexual accounts. The intetionalist accounts to sex as mainly based on the assumption that individuals are driven by a desire to achieve physical satisfaction from sexual pleasure. The Aristotelian understanding of the human mind has been utilised in seeking to understand the different accounts of sex. According to this understanding human desire are the causes of human actions, hence satisfaction of certain desires encourages individuals to engage in sexual activity. There is an existing marginal connection between the two accounts described within the article. The theory developed by Aristotle seeks to explain the moral psychology behind sexual activities by humans. The psychological element becomes the platform upon which the mental and physical elements meet, consequently presenting the connection between the two accounts, where intetionalist is mental while the reductionist is physical. The individuality and independence of individuals, however, results in the existence of a discrepancy in the experience

Lesson Plan - Freedom of Expression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lesson Plan - Freedom of Expression - Essay Example Further, their teacher needs to know that his or her students are able to read, write, and comprehend the English very well. In addition to that, he or she needs to know about the level of their familiarity with the target culture as well as the culture of their peers. The teacher should also be familiar with the classroom teaching or learning style the students are familiar with. The teachers can gain the necessary knowledge from the person who appointed him or her for teaching the class (Ferris & Hedgcock, 2014). He or she can also talk with the previous teacher who taught the same class. He or she can get comprehensive information about the students during the introduction session by checking the screening or placement tests during the class. The teacher can also get the necessary information regarding various cultures from the members of the student’s native language or ethnic group. The resultant information enables the teacher to understand the proficiency level of the s tudent as well as their background so he or she can incorporate suitable elements in the lesson plan. The incorporation of these elements enables him or her to teach any topic so that the students can understand it easily. For example, this lesson plan is for the grade 12 students, whose age 17 or 18. Their background differs according to the place in cities, they may be from white American, black, Asian, Hispanic community or East or West European background. The social level also differs with the areas.

Home video game industry analysis Essay Example for Free

Home video game industry analysis Essay History In 1949 the video game was thought of for the first time by an engineer named Ralph Baer but it would be years before video games would enter the spotlight. 1 In 1972 Steve Bushnell started the first gaming company Atari. Until 1978 there were very few games for the home system. In 1982 Atari releases a newer version and sales start to sore. In 1985 Nintendo enters the market with the NES. Nintendo still outsells both companies 10 to 1. In 1995 Sega releases Sega Saturn three months before the projected date and there are not enough games released because of this and sales are dismal. The same year Sony releases the Playstation at $100 less than expected with a variety of different game titles, sales are strong. In 1996 Nintendo releases the N64 which is received well by the public. Sega lowers prices to stay competitive. In 1999 Nintendo and Sony are in an intense pricing war on their competing systems. Microsoft also announces they will be entering the market with the X-Box. Nintendo releases the Gamecube and the Gameboy advance the same year. X-Box is released in 2001 and is received well and is out of stock most places. With all of the systems and game prices very high, piracy is becoming more and more of a problem with Mod Chips being developed that allow for pirated games to be played on all consoles. In late 2005 Microsoft releases the X-Box 360. 2 The following year Nintendo releases the Wii and Sony releases Playstation 3 and the problem of piracy still continues to this day. SWOT Analysis Industry strengths include well developed brand image for the leading three competitors. Each of the three leading competitors has successfully exploited its target consumers in age categories. They all have excellent advertising campaigns and have high corporate attention and resources. Industry weakness include rising cost of materials and RD, the expenditures for developing additional high tech systems and games for the system at a reasonable price is becoming increasingly difficult leaving much lower profits for corporations. Opportunity exists when entry into the market is preceded by all others in the industry. Industry trends are leaning towards older population who appreciate graphics and complexity of games and have the resources to pay more for those games. Many gamers are ready to upgrade systems as new technology emerges. Threats to the industry include strong market competition, rapid development of technology, the cost of technology and the rating system given to games. Sub-markets are also gaining popularity including the handheld market and online gaming, which threaten market share. Business and Corporate Strategy Corporate and business level strategies for this industry are equivalent. The inferred industry mission is to provide entertainment through interactive technology. The industry as a whole falls into the maturity segment of the life cycle. Generic competitive industry average is differentiation among games, graphics, and abilities/extras of the game console. In the beginning the strategy focused on the hardware to make profits. 3 The strategy has shifted to software for increased growth. Functional strategies include; superior quality in game graphics and well built hardware. Games have evolved from single applications to cartridges to CD-ROM. Graphics have evolved similarly from 8 to 16 to 32 bit. Threats stated in the SWOT analysis can be minimized by staying at the forefront of the competition in RD and finding ways to keep down cost while offering superior products. A venture into a back to the basics approach with the Wii has proved successful to attract female and novice users. Structure and Control Systems Strategic managers in the Video Game industry have developed a set of strategies to build competitive advantage to achieve their goals. Then an organizational structure has been put in place to use resources to create a competitive advantage. To evaluate how well the strategy and structure are working, managers developed specific performance measures. The four building blocks of competitive advantage are efficiency, quality, innovation, and responsiveness to customers. Recommendations With the home video game industry evolving, there are a few things that need to be in mind as you try to improve. You need to stay technologically advanced by continuing to change games, software, and new models. These adjustments require this technology to be low cost to be successful in this industry. If costs are high, not only will the customer be lost but you may lose your competitive edge. Competitive advantage in this industry is a critical factor. If you are ahead in the industry at one point, another company can come out with the next best selling product with new features and graphics capturing market share. Furthermore, being competitive in the sense of efficiency, quality, and response to the customers is critical in this industry. It influences a customer to buy your product rather than the competitors. If you have good quality and low prices, the customers would be willing to upgrade to the newer product line. With the industry constantly changing, you need to be on top of your game to be on top of the home video gaming industry.

Fahrenheit 451 And 1984 - The Fear Of Utopia Essay -- Ray Bradburys F

Several conflicting frames of mind have played defining roles in shaping humanity throughout the twentieth century. Philosophical optimism of a bright future held by humanity in general was taken advantage of by the promise of a better life through sacrifice of individuality to the state. In the books Brave New World, 1984, and Fahrenheit 451 clear opposition to these subtle entrapments was voiced in similarly convincing ways. They first all established, to varying degrees of balance, the atmosphere and seductiveness of the â€Å"utopia† and the fear of the consequences of acting in the non-prescribed way through character development. A single character is alienated because of their inability to conform – often in protest to the forced conditions of happiness and well being. Their struggle is to hide this fact from the state’s relentless supervision of (supposedly) everything. This leads them to eventually come into conflict with some hand of the state which se rves as the authors voice presenting the reader with the ‘absurdity’ of the principles on which the society is based. The similar fear of the state’s abuse of power and technology at the expense of human individuality present within these novels speaks to the relevance of these novels within their historical context and their usefulness for awakening people to the horrendous consequences of their ignorance. In these novels the main characters are, or become, unable to conform to the society’s standards. These characters represent the authors’ view of the ‘utopia’ as they see it with the veil of ignorance removed. In 1984, for instance, we start out with a character, Winston, who is constantly observing the ironies of the world about him. Through his job at the ministry of truth, he becomes a hand of the state, creating fiction to support its endeavors: â€Å"Comrade Ogilvy, unimagined an hour ago, was now a fact †¦ he would exist just as authentically †¦ as Charlemange and Julius Caesar.† (1984, p54) As the book progresses he becomes more aware of his individuality and eventually is unable to hide it. Similarly in Fahrenheit 451, Montag becomes aware of problems with his society, but not logically - emotionally. It disturbs him greatly when a medical team that helps his wife appear and disappear within a matter of minutes: â€Å"There are too many of us, he thought. There are billions of us and that’s too many. Nobo... ...n Brave New World , John, a ‘savage’ not raised by the society asks the world leader, Mustapha Mond, why they do not show films like Othello. Mustapha cites that not showing that kind of film is the â€Å"price we have to pay for stability.† As well, he speaks of the necessity for different classes of people to be in operation, even though more efficient methods through science exist. The prime directive of all these ‘utopias’ is to pacify their public and either thrill them with the collective being of a nation, or sedate them with excitement and drugs. The authors therefor saw the ‘utopian’ societies to be a trap for weak minded publics, and that once in place, such systems would be able to perpetuate indefinitely due to the efficiency at which they protect and propagate themselves. Through fear, diversion and sedation the utopia can maintain a strong grip on the people it encompasses before anyone realizes the sacrifices made. The popularity of these books does rule out the possibility of such a society coming into existence in the future, however. The state of people is not about to change, and their ignorance will continue regardless of the harshness of the wake up calls issued.

Eats, Shoots and Leaves

In Eats, Shoots & Leaves, Lynne Truss is a highly determined stickler or, perfectionist, when it comes to punctuation. In the novel, she argues that everyday punctuation marks, such as the apostrophe, are being misused and humiliated in front of thousands of people. They helplessly droop in between the wrong letters on hundreds of grocer signs, articles, and even in newspapers. Lynne Truss makes a clear point as she works her way through despair, anger, humor, and confidence just wishing that people can join together to stop the mistreatment of punctuation in Eats, Shoots & Leaves. In my opinion, people like Lynne Truss have such a beef with poor punctuation, grammatical slip-ups, and faulty usage because they are meant to see the world and its issues on behalf of other citizens who are unaware of their surroundings. These perfectionists’ infatuation is seeing grammar used in its proper form and look forward in perceiving a day where everybody will be concerned with a misspelled stop sign. I believe that our world is full of these totally unconscious errors because many people are incredibly stingy and set on doing only what they suppose will help them prosper or obtain wellbeing. This is not correct, for every human being on this planet should not only care about their status, but should also be concerned with the faults that exist somewhere near them. The role that writing plays in my life is exceptionally huge since it is happening all the time and roughly everyday. English is something that is used in all school subjects, professions, and businesses so proper language grammatically is vital to all individuals. Not only do we use it constantly, but is appears as well on the television, the internet, etc. therefore appropriate spelling and grammar is significantly important. Even though I give the impression of being a stickler, I, in fact, am a slacker. The use of the suitable English language is awfully essential for a young high school child like me, but it has never really been a strong quality that I contain. When I reach a statement that I cannot recognize, it seems like too much of an effort for me to find a dictionary and research only one word, just like millions of other people out there. Maintaining proper English is crucial thus I try to write with as much concern about punctuation and grammar as possible and hope only to improve on this in the future.

Poverty in the United States Essay

Poverty is a serious issue not only in third world countries but also here in the United States. Discussing the nature of poverty in the United States is important because through understanding we will find solutions. Gaining insights into the issue of poverty can be used to understand the complexity of the subject. Poverty has been defined as a state of deprivation of goods and services that essential to the maintenance of an adequate standard of living in a given society. Although the concept of poverty is considered relative, it cannot be denied that it magnifies the problem concerning inequality in a particular society (Levitan). The struggle of poverty impacts people’s day-to-day life. It is easy to hide some things in life but, poverty is not one of them. There are 633,782 homeless people in cities throughout the United States (St. Francis). Poor people have no place to live and are being exposed to nature’s elements, bacteria, and harmful illness can cause threat to the health of these individuals. The environment is being impacted as well, because there is nowhere to put waste or garbage other than on the ground. This is why it is important to gain insight and understand poverty so that we can help these people and the earth. When a person is living in poverty it is humiliating and weighs on an individual’s self-esteem as well as their families and is very difficult to overcome. Poverty is not always a choice, but it is a situation that can be prevented. If people everywhere take something from every book, article or essays that has been written and are willing to recognize and do something about it then it is a problem that can be fixed. There is not a perfect plan or a perfect solution to the poverty problem but, the aim is to decrease the number of individuals and families living in poverty drastically. There are many families living in poverty and there are an equal amount of thoughts and opinions on why people live in poverty such as drug and alcohol use, domestic violence and foreclosure just to name a few. Individuals have a difficult time taking care of themselves can you imagi ne having to try to provide for a family on next to nothing every day. Without a street address these families do not qualify to get welfare assistance such as food stamps, Medicaid, or housing assistance. Without housing assistance people are forced to stay in shelters and if they don’t make to a shelter by a certain  time they go without a warm place to sleep and without food that night. Some people wait in long lines all day for a spot at the shelter only to be turned away because there is just not enough space for everyone. A good way to alleviate or even eliminate this problem is to build more shelters or use some of the abandoned buildings in poverty stricken neighborhoods for the poor people to sleep in. Have stipulations in these shelters that individuals and their families are guaranteed more than one night as long as they abide by guidelines provided, kind of like a contract. So they are not just getting help they are in a sense helping their selves. Different situations have different solutions, there is a difference between a person living in poverty because you’re a war veteran and just having a hard time and living in poverty because you are and addict and everything you have is spent on drugs and alcohol. In these newly built or refurbished shelters with these stipulations, programs can be offered to help transition into a better way of living. Yes, then there is the issue of money and where will it come from. Nobody has money lying around just to give away so charity events, fundraisers, donations, volunteers and maybe even some help from government agencies would help. The children of these families living in poverty suffer most. Research shows that poverty in the first five years of a child’s life changes the life of a child compared to if they were to live in poverty later in life. This is because poverty is associated with poor nutrition; poor nutrition leads to lower intelligence, bad physical development, and poor immune systems. â€Å"Children deprived of proper nutrition during the most informative years score much lower on tests of vocabulary, reading comprehension, arithmetic, and general knowledge. The more severe the poverty a child faces, the lower his or her nutritional level is likely to be (Brown&Pollitt).† Many children that are labeled bad kids with behavioral problems are really just lacking nutritional value. A child that is hungry is more likely to act o ut and have greater difficulty focusing than a well fed child. There are government programs that offer assistance with nutrition such as W.I.C and Healthy Schools but the guidelines are very strict and fall short in making sure that every child living in poverty has adequate nutrition. So, this problem can be solved by changing the guidelines and making it easier for a family living in poverty to feed our future. People might say this is not my problem, I’m not living in poverty  so what does this have to do with me? Truth be told everyone is affected by poverty. As Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. said, â€Å"There is nothing more dangerous than to build a society, with a large segment of people in that society, who feel they have no stake in it; who feel they have nothing to lose. People, who have stake in their society, protect that society, but when they don’t have it, they unconsciously want to destroy it (Dr.MartinLutherKingJr.).† According to the history of our nation, the safety and equality of the people of our society relies on everyone individually and as a whole nation as one. If that’s the way the world is meant to be then why are people living in poverty treated so differently? Upper class doesn’t make you better than a person living in poverty, money doesn’t make you bad or good and the same goes for poverty. The founders of our nation fought hard for a country where everyone is treated as a person equally but, that is not the case when thousands of people still live in poverty every day. â€Å"Anybody that has ever spent a morning at the Department of Motor Vehicles or stood in the line at the Post Office should understand that simply because the government is handling the problem, doesn’t mean it’s being handled properly (St. Francis)†. The next time you see someone a little down and out stop to give them a minute and see if you can help them in any way, remember that poverty does not make them any less a human than you. I believe the proposed solutions will work because if its believable than its achievable and our system has proven in other situations to be reliable so let use it for the good of the people of our country that could use a hand up not a hand out. For people to be sick on the street, forced to sleep on cardboard or dirt, and have to beg other people to help them is not humane or the American way and should not be tolerated any longer. Works Cited Brown&Pollitt. â€Å"Malnutrition, Poverty and Intellectual Development.† Pollitt, L. Brown & E. n.d. Dr.MartinLutherKingJr. â€Å"†Letter From Birmingham Jail†.† April 1963. Levitan, Sar A. â€Å"†Poverty† In the Lexicon Universal Encyclopedia.† 1990: pages 478-480 Vol. 15. St. Francis, Nancy. â€Å"Homelessness in America 2013.† 2013.

Gcp story Essays

Gcp story Essays Gcp story Essay Gcp story Essay Daft is the closest competing firm in Italian frozen dinners segment that has been stable with 25% market share and is preparing to launch Healthy food options. Apart from the above, Natural food retailers and restaurants also pose a threat to GCP (FFD) revenues. CONTEXT GCP needs to have an above industry average growth to meet the expectations of financial markets (Wall Street). The gross revenue and marketing margin have been less than expected so far (till August 2008). Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) for frozen food industry has been reducing since 2007. Super markets and retailers influence is increasing in promoting any product in frozen food industry. GCP needs to re-strategize its promotion plan to meet the planned financial figures. On the technical frontier there is a lack of measurable metric to gauge the success of promotions. Question 2: What is your advice to Sanchez regarding the national sales promotion? Shcould the funds be allocated to: (a) Dinardos 32-ounce package, (b) Dinardos 16-ounce package, or (c) Natural Meals? : Justify your decision by developing ppropriate criteria and conducting an analysis based on those criteria. Situational Analysis Impact of promotions of individual brands: Dinardos32: GCP has done national level promotion for Dinardos32 four times in last 2 years. Key highlights of the promotion are: Average % Retailer participating in national promotion : 27. 07% Iincrease in sales volume of Dinardos32 : 45% Cannibalization of Dinardos16 : 88% decline in sales volume of Dinardo16 Net impact on Top-line revenue: Decrease by $1. 2 million dollars. Net impact on Marketing Margin of FFD : Decrease by $4. 5 million ROMI : -1. 2 Dinardds16: GCP has done national level promotion for Dinardos16 five times in last national promotion : 30. 8% Iincrease in sales volume of Dinardos16 : 63% Cannibalization of Dinardos32 : 20% decline in sales volume of Dinardo16 Net impact on Top-line revenue: Iincrease by $2. 8 million dollars. Net impact on Marketing Margin of FFD : Decrease by $2. 5 million ROMI : -0. 57 Natural Meals: This brand has never been premoted at national level by GCP because of fear of tarnishing the premium brand image. However, the projections of national promotion (if carried out) seem positive economically positive. There has been very little or no correlation between the promotion of D32 or D16 and sales of Naturals ea s Ine data Inalcates tnat tnere nas Deen no cannlDallzatlon on sales 0T Natural Meals because of promotion of D32 or Dl exhibit 3). Also, this is the brand which has shown the y-o-y growth of 15% which is a potential oopportunity in the food industry. To forecast the national promotion impact of Natural meals on the financials of FFD, we assumed that 25% of the retailers will agree to premote the brand. Key highlights of the analysis: Average % Retailer participating in national romotion : 25% Iincrease in sales volume of Natural Meals : 50% No significant cannibalization of other brands Net impact on Top-line revenue: Iincrease by $6. 7 million dollars. Net impact on Marketing Margin of FFD : Iincrease by $0. 5 million ROMI : 0. 12 Seasonal sales analysis and impact of promotion on Forward-buying: Refer Exhibit 2. There is no consistent seasonal impact of months on the total sales of each brand in last two years. The maxima in the graphs are due to promotion of the brand and minima are due to the promotion of other brand (Cannibalization). The subsequent onths do not show any drop in the sales which confirms that there is no significant Forward-buying concern. Strategic Options GCP has an option of promoting Dinardos32, Dinardos16 and/or Natural Meals in the last four months of the year to boost its marketing margins to meet the annual target. Below are the Pros and Cons of promoting each brand. Dinardos32 Dinardos16 Natural Meals pros Cons Iincrease in sales revenue of D32 Huge Cannibalization of D16. Negative sales revenue for FFD. (Exhibit 4) Iincrease in sales revenue of D16 Significant Cannibalization of D32. (Refer Exhibit 4) Iincrease in sales revenue Premium product image tarnishing. Negligible stock piling Negative ROMI (-1. 2). (including the effect of cannibalization) Negligible stock piling Negative ROMI(-O. 57). (including the effect of cannibalization) Ppositive ROMI (0. 12) Aggressive promotion response from Daft. Iincrease in marketing margin of D32 High promotion cost Decrease in Marketing margin of D16. No significant cannibalization (Reter ExnlDlt 1 Tor more aetalls) Comparison of Promotion Strategies: GCP has three options to engage in promotional activities with the retailers and super markets i. , Off Invoice, Pay for Performance and Target Based. GCP has been traditionally going for pay-for-performance strategy in promotion of D32 and D16. Off Invoice Pay-for performance Target-based Iincrease in sales because of forward buying. Retailers may not pass cost benefit to end customers. Iincrease in sales. Retailers apprehension. No forward buying Retailers apprehension Benefit and incentives for Retailers. No tracking of actual sales. Measurable outcome. Only 25-30% retailers participation. Measurable outcome Retailers participation may go down below 25% Key Analysis: GCP has been traditionally going for pay-for-performance strategy in promotion of D32 and D16. However, we would recommend GCP to go for a mix of off invoice and pay for performance strategies for promotion of Natural Meals brand. Under this scheme, the retailers would receive 50% of promotion incentive when they first place an order with GCP (Off invoice promotion). The remaining 50% of promotion incentive will be paid to them when these items are sold to the end customer at promotional prices (pay-for-performance). This would reduce the retailers apprehension as they will be getting an advance amount for promotion. We expect this strategy would result into increase in the % of store participation to minimum 40% from current estimated 25%. We have noticed that promotions of D32 and D16 have a negative impact on sales of the other due to cannibalization. As the end effect, the marketing margin gets affected if we premote any of the two. Data shows that, there is a negative impact of every promotion (regional or national) of D32 or D16. *(Refer exhibit 1- Part I and Part II and Exhibit 4). For every promotion ppercentage of D32, average sales of D16 are reduced by 171 ,752. This shows that even during the verage regional promotion of D32 at 7. 3%, sales of D16 are getting affected by 1,275,903. i. e. if we stop the regional promotion of D32, there will be rise in monthly sales of D16 by 1,275,903. In this case, the sales of D32 will be equal to baseline sales ana promotlon expenalture will De u Ssimilarly, tnere wlll De rise In montnly Iincrease in sales of D32 by 437,428 by reducing the promotion of D16 to O. Also, the average sales of D16 without promotion will be equal to baseline sales. It has also been noted that, even for Dinardos other, considering only the baseline volume and bringing the egional promotion down to O helps in improving the bottom-line. GCP is losing money by doing regional promotions on Dinardos other as promotion costs are higher than marketing margin gained by the promotions. As ROMI on Natural Meals is positive, we would recommend 40% national promotion of the same for two months out of four months remaining. This will be possible because of new promotion strategy of mix of off invoice and pay-for -performance strategies. Advice: As a conclusion, our advice to Mr. Sanchez will be stop promotion of Dinardos brands (both regional and national) for next four months and run a national promotion for Natural Meals in 40% of the stores in two of the next four months. This would help FFD to meet their annual target (Marketing Margin/Profit will be approximately equal to the planned profit for 2008). Refer exhibit 5. (Table for last four months projected volume). Positioning Statement Keeping in mind the positive ROMI and ppercentage increase in per year sales (15% increase) of Natural Meals, we plan to achieve our targeted revenue for 2008 by exploiting its popularity among health-conscious customers and launching its promotion campaign at National Level in two of the next four months. We will also top promotion of all the Dinardos products both at regional and national level. Implementation Strategy 1 . Product: Banking on the success in regional promotion of Natural Meals, Ppositive Return on Marketing Investment (ROMI) and expected increase in participation from retailers (owing to mix of off-invoice promotion strategy and pay-per-performance strategy), we will premote Natural Meals for 2 months at National Level. 2. Promotion: 50% for pay-per-performance strategy and 50% for off-invoice strategy We expect the participation of retailers would increase from anticipated 25% currently using pay-per-performance approach) to 40% (using combination of off-invoice and pay-per-performance approaches). This would help us reduce significantly the impact of competitors product launch as we will have sthronger ties with retailers and we will leverage the deal-conscious nature of consumers. 3. Price: By promoting Natural Meals, we will give the consumers attractive discount keeping the marked price same. 4. Place: Leveraging the good relations with super markets and retailers, we will strive to secure front-end displays for Natural Meals, highlighting its key features and attractive discounts. M Model of marketing communications is used to increase Natural Meals brand-awareness. Market Encourage existing customers to buy more at discounted prices. Attract new customers by highlighting health-benefits and discounted prices. Mission To meet the annual plan for FFD to improve the bottom-line. Message Consume low fat foods free of any added preservatives at reasonable costs. Media Advertise in print-media to raise awareness about the promotion campaign Money Encouraging customers to buy in volumes by offering discounts in sales period. Measurement ROMI ana nlgner MarKetlng-Marglns to meet annual target. Question 3: Shcould the FFD division be running promotions at all?

Ladino, the Jewish Spanish Language

Ladino, the Jewish Spanish Language Most people have heard of Yiddish, a Hebrew and German hybrid language. Were you aware that there is another composite language, which contains Hebrew and other Semitic languages, that is an offshoot of Spanish, called Ladino? Ladino is classified as a Judeo-Spanish Romance language. In Spanish, its called djudeo-espanyol  or ladino. In English, the language is also known as  Sephardic, Crypto-Jewish, or Spanyol. History of Ladino In the 1492 diaspora, when the Jews were expelled from Spain, they took with them Spanish of the late 15th century  and expanded the lexicon with language influences from the Mediterranean, primarily where they settled. Foreign words that mixed with Old Spanish derive mainly from Hebrew, Arabic, Turkish, Greek, French, and to a lesser extent from Portuguese and Italian. The Ladino community population took a large hit when the Nazis destroyed most of the communities in Europe where Ladino had been the first language among Jews. Very few of the people who speak Ladino are monolingual. Ladino language advocates fear that it could die out as speakers more often use the languages of the cultures around them.   It is estimated that about 200,000 people can understand or speak Ladino.  Israel has one of the largest Ladino-speaking communities, with many words borrowed from Yiddish. Traditionally, Ladino was written in the Hebrew alphabet, writing and reading right to left. In the 20th century, Ladino adopted the Latin alphabet, used by Spanish and English, and the left-to-right orientation.  Ã‚   What  Its Like Although separate languages, Ladino and Spanish are inextricably linked in a way that speakers of the two languages can communicate with each other, much like Spanish and Portuguese speakers can understand each other. Ladino retains Spanish vocabulary and grammar rules from the 15th century interspersed with many borrowed words. The spelling resembles Spanish. For an example, the following paragraph about the Holocaust, written in Ladino, very closely resembles Spanish and would be understood by a Spanish reader: En komparasion kon las duras sufriensas ke pasaron los reskapados de los kampos de eksterminasion nazistas en Gresia, se puede dizir ke las sufriensas de los olim en el kampo de Kipros no fueron muy grandes, ma despues de anyos de vida en los kampos de konsentrasion, en teribles kondisiones, eyos kerian empesar en una mueva vida en Erets Israel i sus planos eran atrazados agora por unos kuantos mezes. Notable Differences From Spanish A big difference in Ladino is that the k  and  s  are usually used to represent sounds that are sometimes represented in Spanish by other letters. Another notable grammatical difference  from Ladino is that  usted  and  ustedes, the  forms of the second-person pronoun, are missing. Those pronouns were developed in Spanish after the Jews had left.   Other Spanish language developments that came after the 15th century, which Ladino did not adopt, included distinguishing different sound for the letters  b  and v. After the diaspora, Spaniards had given the two consonants the same sound. Also, Ladino does not include the inverted question mark or the use of the à ±. Ladino Resources Organizations in Turkey and Israel publish and maintain resources for the Ladino community. The Ladino Authority, an online resource, is based in Jerusalem. The authority proctors an online Ladino language course primarily for Hebrew speakers. A combination of Jewish studies and language studies programs in universities and associations in the U.S. and globally offer courses, revival groups or encourage Ladino study woven into their studies. Disambiguation Judeo-Spanish Ladino  should not be confused with the  Ladino or  Ladin language  spoken in part of northeastern Italy, which is closely related with the  rumantsch-ladin  of Switzerland. The two languages  have nothing to do with the Jews or Spanish beyond being, like Spanish, a  Romance language.

Chapter 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chapter 4 - Assignment Example The correct answer is (c), to solve for I, one must identify the value of I that causes the PV of the positive CFs to equal the absolute value of the PV of the negative CFs. This is, essentially, a trial and-error procedure that is easy with a computer or financial calculator but quite difficult otherwise. The formula for effective rate of r= (1+i/n)n- 1, for Riverside Bank, the effective annual interest rate will be, rR = (1 + (0.065/12))^12 = 1.067, while for the Midwest Bank, the effective annual interest rates will be, rM = (1 + (0.07/1))^1 = 1.07. Hence the effective annual rate is higher for Midwest Bank by (1.07 – 1.067) 0.003 or 0.3%. To arrive at the annual contribution for Ed’s trust, first we calculate the total amount that will accrue for Steve in the next 46 years using the formula, FV= (A.(1+i)˄n-1)/i(1+i) where A is the equal annuities, i is the interest rates and n the number of years (Wegner, p 530). From their initial amount of $15,000 at the rate of 9%, they will accumulate, 15,000x (1+0.09)^7 = 27,420.059. From their regular contribution of $5,000, they will accumulate: $5,000 x 1.09^7 + $5,000 x 1.09^6 + $5,000 x 1.09^5 + $5,000 x1.09^4 =$32,276.7, the total will be: = $59,696.76 At t=11, the amount of $8,103.14, will have a deficit of $12,350.54, so an additional amount of $9,536.88 should be saved before the study begins, hence distributing the amount in three equal installments we use the annuity formula, Ax (1.09^3), A =

The marketing communications plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The marketing communications plan - Essay Example The second stage of the plan spells out the strategies that will be used in the segmentation, targeting, and positioning processes. According to Malone (2007), the technology industry is busting with innovations in an un-choreographed time schedule, which means that failure to innovate timely product is likely a recipe for failure by the technological companies. The competition is high such that manufacturers in the industry have to continually research and create new products that are more suited to customers’ needs and expectations. Hewlett-Packard Company is a perfect example of a successful company in the global technological industry. The company specializes in the providing technologies, products, software services and solutions for consumers, small and medium term enterprises, and large enterprises. The major products lines that the company deals in include a wide range of printers and their associated by-products, personal computers, networking products, industry and enterprise servers, storage devices, and software products. In the past year, the company was ranked as the world’s largest PC vendor in terms of units that were sold; this is according to Fetterman (2012). ULTIME HP TV is a digital media receiver that has network appliances, which are designed to play digital content from varying sources such as Movie-TV programs, video calling , social networking apps. Twitter, Skype, face book, Video , YouTube , bbc I player movie streaming , 3D , free view , Hd , Memory Hard- 7506b, Multimedia , audio playback. Input devices Wireless WIFI , Bluetooth 40Hs , Ports 3 HDMI 2Usb , SCART Input, HP Wireless audio system , Â   From a wider perspective, it can be stated that the marketing communication plan is mainly intended to competitively position Hewlett-Packard Company within the in-home entertainment systems sector. The plan aims to ensure that the new ULTiME HP TV generates high sales revenues and is a favorite among the

Metamorphosis by Kafka Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Metamorphosis by Kafka - Essay Example Gregor one day becomes merely a giant insect or a beetle. Kafka abruptly begins his narration as â€Å"One morning, when Gregor Samsa woke from troubled dreams, he found himself transformed in his bed into a horrible vermin† (Kafka, p. 3). The writer does not leave scope for reader’s reasoning about its likeliness. Instead, he takes readers to the heights of feelings by his exceptional style of writing. Gregor is unable to comprehend the change he underwent. His expressions and way of reaction indicate dissatisfaction. From the responses of the family one understands that Gregor was valuable to the family as he had been supporting it financially. His unexpected physical transformation now creates a chaotic environment in the family. This clearly shows that a change in life can have far reaching impacts on a person’s career and personal life. Gregor’s metamorphosis is not only physical, but it deeply alters his attitude in a very negative way. His concept of profession and the way he perceives life changes altogether. This has tremendous influence on his family as a whole. As the story progresses the narrator exaggerates even normal things to strange out fields of visual imagery. There is no question how an absolute youth turns a roach overnight. Kafka sarcastically describes the family’s responses to the youth’s metamorphosis. Gregor’s mother faints seeing her son’s transformed form. His sister gets terrified and father wonders. The beetle-resembling Gregor becomes an unwanted element in the family. All members of the family understand that Gregor can no more be a reliable source of money. His contribution to the family is not worth remembering. The depiction of Gregor’s preoccupied mindset leaves a good impression of a perfect man and his workmanship. However, now Gregor proves his inability to accomplish his professional demands and finds he cannot even get out of bed and open

Market Entry Of Hui Li Shoes Into Singapore Marketing Essay

Market Entry Of Hui Li Shoes Into Singapore Marketing Essay The International marketing which is defined as performance of business activities including price, promotions, product and distribution decision and then the task of marketing research is to systematically collect data, process it into valuable information which is important for getting marketing decision. The information of the host country on political stability, cultural attributes and geographical characteristic are required for sound for foreign markets. Information on economic general data on level of growth, inflation levels, business cycles and the levels of competition in that particular industry. These directly affect the economic viability of the product, since some of the factors affect profitability. This report examines possible feasibility of plan for china shoes company Hui Li entering the Singapore market. It indicated that despite previous successes for the company in china market significant strategic alterations to its target segmentations and marketing mixes as well as supply and distribution operations will be necessary for success in entering Singapore. It suggests that the future economic growth of the Singapore market and considering the position of international competitor already operating in the market that it is a critical objective for the company to enter the market in order to maintain long term growth of market 2. Background of Hui Li 300000876508128399649319422 During the 1970s, The Ping Pong model since 1976. By Hui Li brand sneakers were the popular shoes in China its bright and clean design a sharp contrast to the drab homogeneity of Communist China. Continuing into the 1980s, the shoe remained a status symbol for Chinese teenagers who were well-off enough to don a pair of famous Warrior models Hui Li. But as China opened up economically, so did the marketplace for sneaker brands. when the 50 year-old Hui Li name was still popular in China, it was no longer well-known as one of the premier Chinese brands. Instead, Hui Li shoes became the shoe of the working class worn by poor construction workers, elderly women and rural citizens looking for a pair of cheap, durable shoes, inexpensive brand name and mark-up. Fascinated by this story, a graphic design student from China recently released a photography book which features people wearing Warriors in various areas of China. Each copy of Book of Warriors comes with a pair of Warriors models by Hui Li. The author, Shumeng Ye, wishes to use the Hui Li brand to tell the story behind the shoes and represent a varity side of China. Not either the industrial power and economic power, but the daily life of a country with its own distinctive sneaker culture. A pair of Hui Li shoes was very expensive at the 1960s, and was popular trendy for young people at that time. Nowdays this old Chinese brands to make their comeback. 3. Market Entry of Hui Li Shoes into Singapore 01300000206900126032684190582 The main reason for entering Singapore is to increase sales and profits. Building up a branch in other town, city or state, entering a foreign market is mainly part of the relentless quest for business expansion and growth. Hui Li has a very useful business model and has gained market share in China market, the only way break into more wealth country in Asia. Hui Li targets young people. In Singapore, many young people like to wear designer, including working adults, sportspeople, schooling children, business people and the elderly. People in Singapore like to spend money on quality products, there have more dispose income, and they like to try out new products, especially from China, Japan, Korean, the USA and India. Also, there are not many shoes companies from China to Singapore; therefore, there is a possibility to market this new product brand in Singapore as the consumption size of market is actually growing. There are a range of potential routes by which Hui Li could enter this market. Ideally they have to pursue a strategy of equity investment have all control of its operations within Singapore. Whilst such a strategy carries the greatest risk it also provides the greatest reward and, most crucially, protects the integrity of the business and the brand. Hui Li has the financial resources, expertise and experience to do so and has proficiency in entering competitive market. As the decisions, which they make will directly affect every part of their business for many years in the future to Singapore. but, this is important in the decision-making process as firms assessment of the cost and risk associated with exporting their product into Singapore market. Exporting will be the best entry mode for manufacturers like Hui Li that wants active penetration of Singapore markets will look to direct export channel. Direct export has contained higher startup costs, greater information requirements and higher risks. They will choose Singapore agent channel and branch channel. Franchising is a form of licensing in which a company licenses a business system as well as property rights to an independent company or person. 4. Problems that could exist in Singapore for Hui Li Rivalry is placed in a central role for entering Singapore market. This means that company basically hastocompeting in industry effectively. It is obvious that global and local companies make intense competition for Hui Li. competitor most compete at same level of price and quality for leather shoes industry in Singapore including VANS from USA, TOPMAN from UK. The successful competitors has already got amount of market share and brand loyalty with consumer tastes over period of time. Hui Li has to be well prepared and well known Singapore market. Otherwise they May lose by those competitors. The market of china is slightly different from Singapore market, so that Hui Lis shoes may not be preferable for local consumer preferences. Consumer may only recognize the product which already established this market over decades. It may take time that makes them to accept new brand like Hui Li. Also brand loyalty has already established by their global and local competitor. It will be more difficult for them to switch their favorable brand easily. Moreover the brand reputation in Singapore is not as good as other international brand. The consumer may not choose their Hui Li product in first place even with high quality shoes. As the initial capital required for Hui Li to establish branch in Singapore, it will be huge amount of fixed and operation costs. Culture may influence on consumer behavior. Segmenting in terms of culture factors, Singapore also segment overall society in smaller subcultures. These subcultures division are based on variety sociocultural and demographic variables. Such as nationality, religion, geographic location, race, age and sex. Subcultures may have problem for Hui Li that loss of focus on to market targets. Because Singapore has multi combinations of nationalities like China, India and Malaysia. The Hui Li must determine whether the beliefs and customs shared by members of a specific subculture make them desirable choose for special marketing attention. Identification of subculture is complex in segmenting market particularly in countries like Singapore. They only enable to focus on sizable and natural segments as different members of a specific subculture have different preference of Hui Li shoes. 5. Environmental analysis of Singapore market 5.1 cultural analyses Geographical Setting A. Location Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia B. Climate Singapore is generally hot and humid. Its warm and humid year round, with the temperature almost never dropping below 20Â °C (68Â °F), even at night, and usually climbing to 30Â °C (86Â °F) during the day. C. Living condition Singapore has a very high standard of living for expatriates and the city has one of the best living conditions in Southeast Asia. Singapore people have more money to buy consumption goods. 5.2 Competitive analysis for Red Dragonfly SWOT factors Strengths good quality price affordable designed long lasting Weaknesses not international brand not popular Opportunities new affordable spending power of people in Singapore is high people like to try new things, new designs something exclusive Threat competition from leading brands price possible copying from others too many other shoe companies in Singapore 5.3 PEST FACTORS Political Environment Spore govt is very stable No problems with conflicting rulers /parties/groups/government Gets along well with other countries International countries like to promote their products in Singapore Economic Environment Spores economy is very stable Everyone has a job People in Singapore like to spend money Good jobs and good income Good education / almost everyone is educated Business-oriented Social Environment (social activities , social clubs , lifestyle of Singapore people, foreigners, ) People in Spore love clubbing, parties, gatherings Lifestyle is very rich -Many activities in many clubs, community center Multi-racial , harmony Many foreign mixture of people Mixed society Social media/interaction/very socially connected Technological Environment (internet, globalization, modernity, techno, phones, communication) People in Singapore are techno-savvy Internet is available everywhere Every home has Internet connection Most people use WIFI Latest hand-phone / smart phone technology Lots of people use social media eg. Facebook, twitter, etc Use hand-phone for everything internet, communication, discussion, conference, meetings, schools, etc The environment that needs further study will be the economic and social environment in Singapore for shoes. 6. Evaluation of the Marketing Mix (the 4 Ps) for possible adaptation Product Fashion designed with high technologies Popular in China Good quality Price Affordable price Priced for quality Priced for Brand Affordable for the Singapore market Promotion Visual merchandising such as store design and layouts Poster Newspaper advertisements / magazines Place -Located their retailer store at orchard road -Main shopping mall -Local partners 7. Conclusion of Analysis I think that Hui Li has perspective future in SG market. According to cultural analysis, we have brief knowledge about Singapore. The living condition of Singapore has a high standard of living. People like to buy more product, Hui Li may possible to entry this market to increase sales. And the climate has indicated that Hui Li need to decide what type of shoes can meet consumer needs in order to weather of generally hot and HUMIND in Singapore. Competitive analysis Hui Li will go through external and internal factors. There is no question that the phenomenon makes both opportunities and threats to Hui Li who looking for compete successfully in the international market. There is growing power for developing nations where Singapore presents significant business opportunities for Hui Li in entering. Local people would like to try new brand product with high quality and affordable price, even the brand is not international. However, most of competitors are international brand that Hui Li have to compete with them for market share and consumer loyalty, they need to differentiate their shoes to meet people needs. Finally the deciding mainly depends on an analysis of both external environmental conditions. Pest has provided general ideals that macro environment of Singapore. The factors indicated that economic of Singapore is growing and people have higher disposable income, political environment has encouraged foreign investment with lower tax rate. Society in Singapore is harmony with multi-racial foreign mixture of people. The macro environment for Singapore hat great impact for Hui Lis entering. The analysis of marketing mix in Singapore market has significant effects on Hui Li entering. And it is reasonable to recommend that a well know brand name has major impact on strategic planning process. All of 4p help Hui Li to build their brand successful in Singapore. Hui Li may local their retailer store at Orchard Road and main shopping mall. Orchard Road is main center for peoples attention and shopping around. The brand recognition can increase by locating this market place. The ownership of the Hui Li brand can cooperate with local partners will be able to help them access the Singapore distribution systems more effectively. They may promote main emphasis on visual merchandising such as layouts of store can be necessarily impact on communication tools with consumer and advertising on TV and newspaper. As the price of leather shoes are affordable and the product is well designed with quality one. All of analysis indicted that it is great opportunity for Hui Li to entry this ma rket. 8.Strategic Marketing Plan Marketing Plan for Hui Li Shoes 1 2. 1.Marketing objectives A. Target market B. Expected sales year 20 C. Profit expectation year 20 D. Market penetration and coverage Adaptation Core component B. Packaging component C. Support service component A. Adults, all ages B. 2 million dollars C. Three hundred thousand dollars D. Advertising, lower prices Main shopping center Such as: Orchard Road, Bugis. Well-designed shoes with high quality Delicated package Feedback 3. Promotion mix Advertising Objective Media mix Message Costs Sales promotion A. Objectives B. Coupons C. Costs Other promotional methods A. Promote products B. Magazine and TV C. Fashion product and high quality D. 40000 Promote new brand Newspaper Discount for the new buyer C. 50000 Poster 4 Distribution from origin to destination Port selection Origin port Destination port 2.Mode selection AD/DIS Air carrier packing A. Marking and labeling regulations B. Costs Documentation required A. Bill of lading B. Dock receipt C. Air bill D. Commercial invoice E. Proforma invoice F. Shippers export declaration G. Statement of origin 5.Insurance claim China port Singapore port A. AD Quick and convenience DIS may not get permission to entry and quotas A. Shoe box B. 10000 All needs 5. 10000 5 Channel of distribution Retailers Type and number of retail stores Retail markups for products in each type of retail store Methods of operation for each type 5 center stores B. Store Cash and credit card Scale of operation for each type Import and exports agent Warehousing A. Type B. Location D. Large A. Stores B. Bugis Orchard Road 6 Price determination 1.Cost of the shipment of goods 2.Transportation costs 3.Handling expenses A. Loading and unloading charges 4.Insurance costs 5.Customs duties 6.Import taxes and value-added tax 7.Wholesale and retail markups and discounts 8.companys gross margins 9.retail price 1. 10000 2. 15000 A.3000 4.30000 5.4000 6. 7% 7. 20% 8. 30% 9.50-100 7 Methods of payment 1.Cash in advance 2.Open accounts 3.Consignment sales 4.Sight, time or date drafts 5.Letters of credit Cash in advance Open account